1、Designation:F161695(Reapproved 2016)Standard Guide forScope of Performance of First Responders Who Practice inthe Wilderness or Delayed or Prolonged Transport Settings1This standard is issued under the fixed designation F1616;the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforig
2、inal adoption or,in the case of revision,the year of last revision.A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.Asuperscript epsilon()indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1.Scope1.1 This guide covers minimum performance requirementsfor first responders
3、 who may initially provide care for sick orinjured persons in the specialized pre-hospital situations of thewilderness or delayed or prolonged transport settings,includ-ing catastrophic disasters.1.2 Individuals who will operate in the wilderness or de-layed or prolonged transport settings need to b
4、e aware of thephysical requirements necessary to be able to perform allidentified objectives and necessary skills required for thesetting.1.3 This guide establishes supplemental or continuing edu-cation programs that will be taught to individuals trained to thefirst responder level by an appropriate
5、 authority.1.4 This guide does not establish performance standards foruse in the traditional emergency medical services(EMS)orambulance transportation environment.1.5 This guide does not establish medical protocols;nordoes it authorize invasive procedures without specific authori-zation and medical
6、control.1.6 Successful completion of a course based on this guidedoes not constitute or imply certification or licensure.1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns,if any,associated with its use.It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-pria
7、te safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2.Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2F1177 Terminology Relating to Emergency Medical Ser-vicesF1287 Guide for Scope of Performance of First RespondersWho Provide Emergency Medical CareF1453 Gu
8、ide for Training and Evaluation of First Respond-ers Who Provide Emergency Medical CareF1490 Terminology Relating to Search and Rescue(With-drawn 2011)32.2 Code of Federal Regulations:4Title 29,Part 1910.1030,Bloodborne Pathogens2.3 Department of Transportation Document:4U.S.DOT HS 900-25,Course Gui
9、de,Emergency MedicalServices:First Responder Training Course,19793.Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 accessthe process of reaching the patient/subjectand establishing physical contact.3.1.2 basic life support/cardiopulmonary resuscitation(BLS/CPR)a set of skills that includes airway management,chest
10、compressions,and others as defined by the AmericanHeart Association(AHA).3.1.3 definitive care(see Terminology F1177)a level oftherapeutic intervention capable of providing comprehensivehealth care services for a specific condition.3.1.4 evacuation(see Terminology F1490)the processused between the t
11、ime of extraction and transportation.3.1.5 extraction(see Terminology F1490)the process ofinitial assessment,treatment,stabilization,and packaging ofthe patient/subject as well as removal of the patient/subjectfrom the immediately hazardous environment.3.1.6 first responderan individual trained to m
12、eet therequirements of Guide F1287.3.1.7 transportationthe use of a specially designed ve-hicle to move a patient to a medical facility or definitive carefacility.1This guide is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F30 on EmergencyMedical Services and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
13、 F30.02 onPersonnel,Training and Education.Current edition approved June 1,2016.Published June 2016.Originallyapproved in 1995.Last previous edition approved in 2009 as F1616 95(2009).DOI:10.1520/F1616-95R16.2For referenced ASTM standards,visit the ASTM website,www.astm.org,orcontact ASTM Customer S
14、ervice at serviceastm.org.For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information,refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced onwww.astm.org.4Available from Standardization Documents Order Desk,Bldg.4 Section D,700R
15、obbins Ave.,Philadelphia,PA 19111-5098,Attn:NPODS.Copyright ASTM International,100 Barr Harbor Drive,PO Box C700,West Conshohocken,PA 19428-2959.United States1 3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.2.1 delayed or prolonged transport setting when thetime between patient injury and arri
16、val at a definitive carefacility is greater than 60 min.3.2.2 nontraditional EMS environmentan environmentthat is not readily accessible to a ground ambulance.3.2.3 wilderness first responder(WFR)an individualtrained to meet the requirements of this guide.3.2.4 wilderness settingsituations in which the delivery ofpatient care by EMS providers is complicated by one or moreof the following factors:(1)remoteness with respect tologistics and access;(2)a significant delay in the delivery ofcare to th
