1、Designation:F 1490 04aStandard Terminology Relating toSearch and Rescue1This standard is issued under the fixed designation F 1490;the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or,in the case of revision,the year of last revision.A number in parentheses indi
2、cates the year of last reapproval.Asuperscript epsilon(e)indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1.Scope1.1 This terminology document is a compilation of defini-tions of terms,abbreviations,and acronyms used in the searchand rescue field collected in order to provide cons
3、istency incommunication when used in actual operations,training,andliterature dealing with this field.2.Terminologyaccess,nthe process of reaching the patients or subjects andestablishing physical contact with them.belayer,nthe one who performs the belay.brake bar rack,na variable friction device co
4、nsisting of au-shaped metal bar to which are attached several metal barsthat create friction on the rope.Also known as a rappel rack.chest harness,na type of harness worn around the chest forupper body support.dynamic rope(rope systems),na class of ropes that is usedfor rescue work and rappelling wh
5、en greater energy absorp-tion qualities are required,such as in lead climbing orwhenever a high fall potential exists.Such ropes are typi-cally certified to UIAA or CE climbing rope standards.evacuation,nthe process used to move the patient/subjectbetween the completion of extraction and the beginni
6、ng oftransportation.extraction,nthe process of removing the patient/subjectfrom an immediately hazardous environment along withassessment,treatment,stabilization,and packaging.john boat(maritime),na skiff with a flat bottom.low stretch rope(rope systems),na class of ropes that isused for rescue work
7、 and rappelling with an elongationgreater than 6%and less than 10%at 10%of its minimumbreaking strength.pike pole(maritime),na long,slender,hooked pole used byboaters to retrieve line,objects,and so forth from water.Alsoknown as a boat hook.ring buoy(maritime),na Type 4 personal floatation device,us
8、ually made of a hard buoyant material with a lineencircling it.safety factor(rope systems),nthe ratio between the break-ing strength and the load;commonly used interchangeablywith the term load ratio,the term safety factor is properlyapplied only to systems and not to individual components.static ro
9、pe(rope systems),na class of ropes that is used forrescue work and rappelling that has a maximum elongationof 6%at 10%of its minimum breaking strength.third party certification,na certification by an independenttesting organization that a particular product meets a refer-enced standard.ASTM Internat
10、ional takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentionedin this standard.Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights,and the riskof infringement of such rights,are entirely their
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12、dressed to ASTM International Headquarters.Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of theresponsible technical committee,which you may attend.If you feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing you shouldmake your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards,at th
13、e address shown below.This standard is copyrighted by ASTM International,100 Barr Harbor Drive,PO Box C700,West Conshohocken,PA 19428-2959,United States.Individual reprints(single or multiple copies)of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585(phone),610
14、-832-9555(fax),or serviceastm.org(e-mail);or through the ASTM website(www.astm.org).1This terminology is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F32 on Searchand Rescue and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F32.06 on Terminology.Current edition approved May 1,2004.Published June 2004.Originallyapproved in 1993.Last previous edition approved in 2004 as F 1490 04.1Copyright ASTM International,100 Barr Harbor Drive,PO Box C700,West Conshohocken,PA 19428-2959,United States.
