1、Designation:E300915Standard Test Method forSensory AnalysisTetrad Test1This standard is issued under the fixed designation E3009;the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or,in the case of revision,the year of last revision.A number in parentheses indica
2、tes the year of last reapproval.Asuperscript epsilon()indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1.Scope1.1 This test method covers a procedure for determiningwhether a perceptible sensory difference exists betweensamples of two products or to estimate the magnitude of thepe
3、rceptible difference.1.2 This test method applies whether a difference may existin a single sensory attribute or in several.1.3 This test method is applicable when the nature of thedifference between the samples is unknown.The attribute(s)responsible for the difference are not identified.1.4 The tet
4、rad test is more efficient statistically than thetriangle test(Test Method E1885)or the duo-trio test(TestMethod E2610).1.5 The tetrad method involves the evaluation of foursamples.When the products being tested cause excessivesensory fatigue,carryover,or adaptation,methods that involvethe evaluatio
5、n of fewer samples(same-different,triangle test,etc.)may be preferred.1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns,if any,associated with its use.It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the ap
6、plica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2.Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2E253 Terminology Relating to Sensory Evaluation of Mate-rials and ProductsE456 Terminology Relating to Quality and StatisticsE1871 Guide for Serving Protocol for Sensory Evaluation ofFoods and BeveragesE188
7、5 Test Method for Sensory AnalysisTriangle TestE2262 Practice for Estimating Thurstonian Discriminal Dis-tancesE2610 Test Method for Sensory AnalysisDuo-Trio Test2.2 ISO Standards:3ISO 4120 Sensory Analysis Methodology Triangle TestISO 10399 Sensory Analysis Methodology Duo-TrioTest3.Terminology3.1
8、DefinitionsFor definition of terms relating to sensoryanalysis,see Terminology E253,and for terms relating tostatistics,see Terminology E456.3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.2.1 (alpha)riskprobability of concluding that a per-ceptible difference exists when,in reality,one does no
9、t.3.2.1.1 DiscussionAlso known as Type I Error or signifi-cance level.3.2.2 (beta)riskprobability of concluding that no per-ceptible difference exists when,in reality,one does.3.2.2.1 DiscussionAlso known as Type II Error.3.2.3 Thurstonian measure of sensory difference(effectsize)relative to percept
10、ual noise(standard deviation)(seePractice E2262).3.2.4 productmaterial to be evaluated.3.2.5 sampleunit of product prepared,presented,andevaluated in the test.3.2.6 sensitivitygeneral term used to summarize the per-formance characteristics of the test;the sensitivity of the test isrigorously defined
11、,in statistical terms,by the values selectedfor,and.4.Summary of Test Method4.1 Clearly define the test objective in writing.4.2 Choose the number of assessors based on the level ofsensitivity desired for the test.The sensitivity of the test is,inpart,a function of two competing risks:the risk of de
12、claringthe samples different when they are not(that is,-risk)and therisk of not declaring the samples different when they are(thatis,-risk).Acceptable values of and vary depending on thetest objective and should be determined before the test(see forexample Appendix X1).1This test method is under the
13、 jurisdiction ofASTM Committee E18 on SensoryEvaluation and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E18.04 on Fundamen-tals of Sensory.Current edition approved May 1,2015.Published June 2015.DOI:10.1520/E3009-15.2For referenced ASTM standards,visit the ASTM website,www.astm.org,orcontact ASTM C
14、ustomer Service at serviceastm.org.For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information,refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3Available from International Organization for Standardization(ISO),1,ch.dela Voie-Creuse,CP 56,CH-1211 Geneva 20,Switzerland,http:/www.iso.org.Copyr
15、ight ASTM International,100 Barr Harbor Drive,PO Box C700,West Conshohocken,PA 19428-2959.United States1 4.3 Each assessor receives four coded samples where twosamples are of one product and the other two samples are of theother product being tested.The assessors are instructed togroup the four samp
16、les into two pairs based on the level ofsimilarity between samples.4.4 Results are tallied and significance determined by ref-erence to a statistical table.5.Significance and Use5.1 The test method is effective for the following testobjectives:5.1.1 To determine whether a perceptible difference resultsor a perceptible difference does not result,for example,whena change is made in ingredients,processing,packaging,handling,or storage;or5.1.2 To select,train,and monitor assessors.5.2 The test metho
