1、Designation:F155694(Reapproved 2015)Standard Guide forSpinal Immobilization and Extrication(SPINE)DeviceCharacteristics1This standard is issued under the fixed designation F1556;the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or,in the case of revision,the yea
2、r of last revision.A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.Asuperscript epsilon()indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.INTRODUCTIONThe objective of this guide is to begin to address the recognized need to support and immobilize thecomponents of the
3、 spine or spinal cord.Although this guide does not quantitatively addressperformance standards for this device,it does address the characteristics of the device(s)used toprovide support and immobilization of the components of the central nervous system for the patientsuspected of receiving trauma to
4、 that body system.1.Scope1.1 This guide covers minimum standards for devices,designated here as spinal immobilization and extrication de-vice(s)(SPINED),commonly referred to as short spine board.The SPINED is designed to be used as the platform forimmobilization and extrication of a patient with pot
5、ential spineor spinal cord injury by emergency medical service personnel.1.2 This guide does not identify specific degrees of limita-tion of motion achieved by placement of a SPINED on apatient.Definitive requirements for immobilization of thespine,and,in particular,the degree of limitation associat
6、edwith the use of a SPINED,have not been established in themedical literature.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns,if any,associated with its use.It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determin
7、e the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2.Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2F1177 Terminology Relating to Emergency Medical Ser-vices2.2 Centers for Disease Control Standard:Guidelines for Prevention of Transmission of HIV and HBVto Healthcare and Public Safety Workers32.3
8、OSHA Standard:29 CFR 1910.1030 Occupational Exposure to BloodbornePathogens;Final Rule43.Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 retention systema retention system is an adjunct toor an integral part of the primary platform that allows thepatient to be securely attached to that platform used inwhatever con
9、figuration and size necessary to accomplish thegoal,while still allowing reasonable and necessary access tothe patient.3.1.2 spinal immobilizationspinal immobilization shall re-fer to immobilization of the spine and its contiguous structures,the pelvis,and skull.3.1.3 spinethe spine shall include th
10、e cervical,thoracic,lumbar,and sacral vertebrae.3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.2.1 directions of movementdirections include flexion,extension,rotation,distraction,lateral motion,and axial com-pression motion.3.2.2 immobilizationlimitation of motion.3.2.3 spinal immobilization a
11、nd extrication devicea plat-form to which the patient can be secured,which will supportthe patients spine during immobilization and transportation.1This guide is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F30 on EmergencyMedical Services and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F30.01 on EMSEq
12、uipment.Current edition approved June 1,2015.Published July 2015.Originally approvedin 1994.Last previous edition approved in 2007 as F1556 94(2007).DOI:10.1520/F1556-94R15.2For referenced ASTM standards,visit the ASTM website,www.astm.org,orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org.For Annua
13、l Book of ASTMStandards volume information,refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3Available from Centers for Disease Control&Prevention(CDC),1600 CliftonRd.,Atlanta,GA 30333,http:/www.cdc.gov.4Available from Superintendent of Documents,U.S.Government PrintingOffice,Washingt
14、on,DC 20402.Copyright ASTM International,100 Barr Harbor Drive,PO Box C700,West Conshohocken,PA 19428-2959.United States1 3.3 For definition of other terms used in this guide,refer toTerminology F1177.4.Significance and Use4.1 The intent of this guide is to identify characteristics thata SPINED shal
15、l possess.4.2 As opposed to a full body spinal immobilization device,the SPINED incorporates additional features that assist in theextrication of a victim from a confined space.4.3 It is not expected that the SPINED will be used alone toprovide the entire scope of required immobilization.Clinicalsit
16、uations may require differing combinations of devices foradequate total spinal immobilization.A SPINE device may beone of the devices.4.4 A device intended for use with adult patients shallaccommodate the 95th percentile adult American male.4.5 Devices that are labeled as intended for pediatric useshall not be required to accommodate adult patients.4.6 The device shall be able to be used by the practitioner inan ergonomically sound manner.5.Characteristics5.1 The SPINED,when lifted in accordance
