1、Designation:F165495(Reapproved 2012)Standard Guide forTraining and Evaluation of Individuals Who are Responsiblefor or Perform Triage in a Prehospital Environment1This standard is issued under the fixed designation F1654;the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal
2、adoption or,in the case of revision,the year of last revision.A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.Asuperscript epsilon()indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1.Scope1.1 This guide covers minimum requirements for the train-ing and evaluation of
3、individuals who perform triage at anemergency medical incident involving multiple casualties in aprehospital environment.1.2 All training will be in accordance with Guide F1653.1.3 Included in this guide is a standard for knowledge andskill evaluation.1.4 Operating within the framework of this guide
4、 mayexpose personnel to hazardous materials,procedures andequipment.For additional information see Practice F1031 andGuides F1219,F1253,F1285,F1288,F1453 and F1489.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns,if any,associated with its use.It is theresponsibility of the us
5、er of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.For specificprecautionary statements,see the document cited in Footnote 3.2.Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2,3F1031 Practice for Training the Emer
6、gency Medical Tech-nician(Basic)F1177 Terminology Relating to Emergency Medical Ser-vicesF1219 Guide for Training the Emergency Medical Techni-cian(Basic)to Perform Patient Initial and Detailed As-sessment(Withdrawn 2006)4F1253 Guide for Training the Emergency Medical Techni-cian(Basic)to Perform Pa
7、tient Secondary Assessment(Withdrawn 1999)4F1285 Guide for Training the Emergency Medical Techni-cian(Basic)to Perform Patient Examination TechniquesF1288 Guide for Planning for and Response to a MultipleCasualty IncidentF1453 Guide for Training and Evaluation of First Respond-ers Who Provide Emerge
8、ncy Medical CareF1489 Guide for Performance of Patient Assessment by theEmergency Medical Technician(Paramedic)(Withdrawn2003)4F1653 Guide for Scope of Performance of Triage in aPrehospital Environment3.Terminology3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.1.1 first priority/immediate(RED)
9、those patients withserious injuries that are life threatening but have a highprobability of survival.3.1.2 fourth priority/dead/mortally wounded(BLACK)Those patients who are obviously dead as determined by localmedical protocol or those patients with severe injuries and alow probability of survival,
10、despite immediate care.3.1.3 injured,adjmeans both sick and injured patients.3.1.4 ongoing triage,nthe continuing process of patientassessment and prioritization in a multiple casualty incident.(Also known as secondary and tertiary.)3.1.5 primary triage,nthe initial process of rapidassessment,provis
11、ion of life saving interventions and assign-ment of visual priority identification to each patient in amultiple casualty incident.3.1.6 second priority/delayed(YELLOW)those patientswho are seriously injured and whose lives are not immediatelythreatened.3.1.7 third priority/minor(GREEN)those patients
12、 who areinjured but do not require immediate medical attention andthose apparently not physically injured.1This guide is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F30 on EmergencyMedical Services and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F30.02 onPersonnel,Training and Education.Current editio
13、n approved July 1,2012.Published August 2012.Originallyapproved in 1995.Last previous edition approved in 2007 as F1654 95(2007).DOI:10.1520/F1654-95R12.2For referenced ASTM standards,visit the ASTM website,www.astm.org,orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org.For Annual Book of ASTMStanda
14、rds volume information,refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3Most recent“Standards and Guidelines for Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation andEmergency Cardiac Care”as reprinted from the Journal of the American MedicalAssociation,available from American Heart Association,7272 Gre
15、enville Ave.,Dallas,TX 75231.4The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced onwww.astm.org.Copyright ASTM International,100 Barr Harbor Drive,PO Box C700,West Conshohocken,PA 19428-2959.United States1 3.1.8 triage,nthe process of sorting and prioritizingemergency medical care o
16、f the sick and injured on the basis ofurgency and type of condition present as well as the number ofpatients and resources.3.2 For definitions of other terms used in this guide,refer toTerminology F1177.4.Significance and Use4.1 This guide is intended for use by those responsible forthe development and implementation of training programs,thatinclude competency evaluation,for triage in the prehospitalenvironment.4.2 This guide is not intended to be used by itself,but as acomponent of Guide F1288.
