1、Designation:F165395(Reapproved 2012)Standard Guide forScope of Performance of Triage in a PrehospitalEnvironment1This standard is issued under the fixed designation F1653;the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or,in the case of revision,the year of la
2、st revision.A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.Asuperscript epsilon()indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.INTRODUCTIONTriage is a word taken from the French verb trier,that means“to sort”.During the time of theNapoleonic wars,a technique for
3、assigning priorities to the treatment of battlefield casualties wasestablished in order to maximize the use of limited resources.The basic principle of triage is to do thegreatest good for the greatest number of casualties.Care is provided first to those with the most seriousemergencies and to those
4、 who are most salvageable.This technique is identified as essential for gooddisaster medical care.1.Scope1.1 This guide covers minimum requirements for the scopeof performance for individuals who perform triage at anemergency medical incident involving multiple casualties in apre-hospital environmen
5、t.1.2 This guide acknowledges objectives based on an indi-viduals required knowledge of signs and symptoms,patientassessment and basic life support.1.3 Operating within the framework of this guide mayexpose personnel to hazardous materials,procedures,andequipment.For additional information see Pract
6、ice F1031,Guides F1219,F1253,F1285,F1287,F1288,F1489 andF1651.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns,if any,associated with its use.It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bi
7、lity of regulatory limitations prior to use.For specificprecautionary statements,see Footnote 3.22.Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:3F1031 Practice for Training the Emergency Medical Tech-nician(Basic)F1177 Terminology Relating to Emergency Medical Ser-vicesF1219 Guide for Training the Emergen
8、cy Medical Techni-cian(Basic)to Perform Patient Initial and Detailed As-sessment(Withdrawn 2006)4F1253 Guide for Training the Emergency Medical Techni-cian(Basic)to Perform Patient Secondary Assessment(Withdrawn 1999)4F1285 Guide for Training the Emergency Medical Techni-cian(Basic)to Perform Patien
9、t Examination TechniquesF1287 Guide for Scope of Performance of First RespondersWho Provide Emergency Medical CareF1288 Guide for Planning for and Response to a MultipleCasualty IncidentF1489 Guide for Performance of Patient Assessment by theEmergency Medical Technician(Paramedic)(Withdrawn2003)4F16
10、51 Guide for Training the Emergency Medical Techni-cian(Paramedic)1This guide is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F30 on EmergencyMedical Services and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F30.02 onPersonnel,Training and Education.Current edition approved July 1,2012.Published August
11、2012.Originallyapproved in 1995.Last previous edition approved in 2007 as F1653 95(2007).DOI:10.1520/F1653-95R12.2Most recent“Guidelines for Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation and EmergencyCardiac Care,”as reprinted from the Journal of the American Medical Association,available from American Heart Associ
12、ation,7272 Greenville Ave.,Dallas,TX75231.3For referenced ASTM standards,visit the ASTM website,www.astm.org,orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org.For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information,refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.4The last approved versi
13、on of this historical standard is referenced onwww.astm.org.Copyright ASTM International,100 Barr Harbor Drive,PO Box C700,West Conshohocken,PA 19428-2959.United States1 3.Terminology3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.1.1 ongoing triage,nthe continuing process of patientassessment
14、and prioritization in a multiple casualty incident.(Also known as secondary and tertiary).3.1.2 primary triage,nthe initial process of rapidassessment,provision of life saving interventions and assign-ment of visual priority identification to each patient in amultiple casualty incident.3.1.3 triage,
15、nthe process of sorting and prioritizing careof the sick and injured on the basis of urgency and type ofcondition present,as well as the number of patients andresources available.The objective is to properly treat andtransport patients to medical facilities appropriately situatedand equipped for the
16、ir care.3.2 For definitions of other terms used in this guide,refer toTerminology F1177.4.Significance and Use4.1 This guide is not intended to be used by itself,but as acomponent of Guide F1288.Merely conforming to the guide-lines described herein will not ensure that adequate triage iscarried out in a multiple casualty incident.4.2 The purpose of this guide is to establish a methodologyfor performing triage.4.3 Individuals responsible for performing triage must beproficient in triage methods a
