1、Designation:F165595(Reapproved 2013)Standard Guide forTraining First Responders Who Practice in Wilderness,Delayed,or Prolonged Transport Settings1This standard is issued under the fixed designation F1655;the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or,in t
2、he case of revision,the year of last revision.A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.Asuperscript epsilon()indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1.Scope1.1 This guide covers minimum training standards for firstresponders who may care for sick or i
3、njured persons in thespecialized pre-hospital situations of the wilderness,delayed,or prolonged transport settings,including catastrophic disas-ters.1.2 This guide establishes supplemental or continuing edu-cation programs that will be taught to individuals trained to thefirst responder level by an
4、appropriate authority.1.3 This guide does not provide training to be used,ordinarily,in the traditional EMS or ambulance transportationenvironments.1.4 Included in this guide is a standard for the evaluation ofthe knowledge and skills defined within this guide.1.5 Successful completion of a course b
5、ased on this guideneither constitutes nor implies certification or licensure.1.6 This guide does not establish medical protocols,nordoes it authorize invasive procedures without specific authori-zation and medical control.1.7 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regardedas standard.No oth
6、er units of measurement are included in thisstandard.1.8 Operating within the framework of this guide mayexpose personnel to hazardous materials or environments,procedures,and equipment or all of these.1.9 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns,if any,associated with its
7、 use.It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2.Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2F1177 Terminology Relating to Emergency Medical Ser-vicesF1453 Guide for T
8、raining and Evaluation of First Respond-ers Who Provide Emergency Medical CareF1490 Terminology Relating to Search and Rescue(With-drawn 2011)33.Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 access,nthe process of reaching the patient/subjectand establishing physical contact.3.1.2 basic life support/cardiopulmon
9、ary resuscitation(BLS/CPR),na set of skills that includes airwaymanagement,chest compressions,and others as defined by theAmerican Heart Association.3.1.3 definitive care,na level of therapeutic interventioncapable of providing comprehensive health care services for aspecific condition.(See Terminol
10、ogy F1177.)3.1.4 evacuation,nthe process used between the time ofextraction and transportation.(See Terminology F1490.)3.1.5 extraction,nthe process of initial assessment,treatment,stabilization,and packaging of the patient as well asthe removal of the patient/subject from the immediatelyhazardous e
11、nvironment.(See Terminology F1490.)3.1.6 first responder,nan individual trained in accordancewith Guide F1453.3.1.7 transportation,nthe use of a dedicated vehicle forthe removal of the patient to a medical facility or definitive carefacility.3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:1This g
12、uide is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F30 on EmergencyMedical Services and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F30.02 onPersonnel,Training and Education.Current edition approved Aug.1,2013.Published August 2013.Originallyapproved in 1995.Last previous edition approved in 2007 as
13、F1655 95(2007).DOI:10.1520/F1655-95R13.2For referenced ASTM standards,visit the ASTM website,www.astm.org,orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org.For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information,refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3The last approved version
14、of this historical standard is referenced onwww.astm.org.Copyright ASTM International,100 Barr Harbor Drive,PO Box C700,West Conshohocken,PA 19428-2959.United States1 3.2.1 delayed or prolonged transport,n when time be-tween patient injury and arrival to a definitive care facility isgreater than 60
15、min.3.2.2 non-traditional EMS environment,n environmentsnot readily accessible to a ground ambulance.3.2.3 wilderness first responder(WFR),n an individualtrained to meet the requirements of this guide.3.2.4 wilderness setting,nsituations in which EMS deliv-ery is complicated by one or more of the fo
16、llowing four factors:(1)remoteness as far as logistics and access;(2)a significantdelay in the delivery of care to the patient;(3)an environmentthat is stressful to both patients and rescuers;and(4)a lack ofequipment and supplies.4.Significance and Use4.1 Individuals will be initially or concurrently trained inaccordance with U.S.D.O.T.Course Guide for First Respond-ers4and Guide F1453.4.2 This guide does not suggest a particular training se-quence.4.3 This guide may be used by individuals devel
