1、A Comprehensive Review of Lubricant Chemistry,Technology,Selection,and DesignSyed Q.A.Rizvi Copyright by ASTM Intl(all rights reserved);Tue Apr 22 03:57:28 EDT 2014Downloaded/printed byUniversity of Virginia pursuant to License Agreement.No further reproductions authorized.char 12Font Times-BoldColo
2、r redPos 10 10Center onThis standard is for EDUCATIONAL USE ONLY.A Comprehensive Review ofLubricant Chemistry,Technology,Selection,andDesignSyed Q.A.Rizvi,Ph.D.ASTM Stock Number:MNL59ASTM International100 Barr Harbor DrivePO Box C700West Conshohocken,PA 194282959Printed in the U.S.A.Copyright by AST
3、M Intl(all rights reserved);Tue Apr 22 03:57:28 EDT 2014Downloaded/printed byUniversity of Virginia pursuant to License Agreement.No further reproductions authorized.char 12Font Times-BoldColor redPos 10 10Center onThis standard is for EDUCATIONAL USE ONLY.Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publicati
4、on DataRizvi,Syed Q.A.,1945A comprehensive review of lubricant chemistry,technology,selection,and design/Syed Q.A.Rizvi.“ASTM stock number:MNL59.”ISBN 978-0-8031-7000-11.Lubricating oils.I.Title.TJ1077.R48 2008621.8?9dc222008003579Copyright 2009 ASTM International,West Conshohocken,PA.All rights res
5、erved.This material may not be reproducedor copied,in whole or in part,in any printed,mechanical,electronic,film,or other distribution and storage media,with-out the written consent of the publisher.Photocopy RightsAuthorization to photocopy item for internal,personal,or educational classroom use,or
6、 the internal,personal,oreducational classroom use of specific clients,is granted by ASTM International provided that the appropriate feeis paid to ASTM International,100 Barr Harbor Drive,PO Box C700,West Conshohocken,PA 19428-2959;Tel:610-832-9634;online:http:/www.astm.org/copyright.NOTE:The Socie
7、ty is not responsible,as a body,for the statements and opinions expressed in this publication.ASTMInternational does not endorse any products represented in this publication.Printed in Baltimore,MDMarch,2009 Copyright by ASTM Intl(all rights reserved);Tue Apr 22 03:57:28 EDT 2014Downloaded/printed b
8、yUniversity of Virginia pursuant to License Agreement.No further reproductions authorized.char 12Font Times-BoldColor redPos 10 10Center onThis standard is for EDUCATIONAL USE ONLY.ContentsPreface.ixChapter 1:Lubrication Fundamentals.1Lubricant Market.1Friction and Lubrication.3Friction.3Lubrication
9、.4Viscosity and Wear.8Viscosity.8Wear.18Types of Lubricants.19Lubricant Selection and Specifications.19Lubricant Selection Criteria.19Lubricant Classifications.20Lubricant Composition.21Detergents.21Dispersants.21Oxidation Inhibitors.21Rust and Corrosion Inhibitors.21Friction Modifiers.21Anti-wear A
10、gents and Extreme-pressure Additives.21Foam Inhibitors.22Viscosity Modifiers.22Pour Point Depressants.22Chapter 2:Mineral Base Oils.23Petroleum Composition.23Oil Field and Refinery Chemicals.24Petroleum Refining.28Refinery Processes.28Refinery Process Chemicals.31Lubricant Base Stocks.32Comparison b
11、etween Naphthenic and Paraffinic Base Oils.33Mineral Base Oil Manufacture.34Hydrocarbon Analysis.41Base Oil Properties.42Oxidation Properties.42Effects of Sulfur and Nitrogen Compounds.42Other Properties.42Gas to Liquid Technology.45Chapter 3:Synthetic and Biological Natural Base Stocks.47Synthetic
12、Base Stocks.47Synthetic Hydrocarbon?SHC?Polymers.47Carboxylate Esters.54Poly?Alkylene Glycol?s.62Other Synthetic Base Stocks.67Petroleum Base Stocks Versus Synthetic Base Fluids.76Biological Natural Base Stocks.92Melting Point/Pour Point.94Oxidative Stability.95Manufacture and Processing.96Compositi
13、on of Natural Oils and Structural Modifications.97Chapter 4:Lubricant Additives.100Desirable Lubricant Properties.103Criteria For Suitable Base Stocks.103Performance Additives.104Stabilizers/Deposit Control Agents.105Oxidation Inhibitors.110Dispersants.121Detergents.137 Copyright by ASTM Intl(all ri
14、ghts reserved);Tue Apr 22 03:57:28 EDT 2014Downloaded/printed byUniversity of Virginia pursuant to License Agreement.No further reproductions authorized.char 12Font Times-BoldColor redPos 10 10Center onThis standard is for EDUCATIONAL USE ONLY.Film-forming Agents.149Emulsifiers and Demulsifiers.181P
15、olymeric Additives.187Other Additives.206Multifunctional Nature of Additives.207Environmental Impact of Additives.207The Introduction of a New Additive.208The Approval Process.210Chapter 5:Combustion Engine Lubricants.212Types Of Engines And Mode Of Their Operation.213Lubricant Specifications And Cl
16、assifications.216Trends Impacting the New Performance Standards.217U.S.Standards.218European Standards.222Japanese Standards.229Indian Standards.229Engine Oil Classification Based on End-use.229Lubricant-related Causes of Engine Malfunction.246Rating of Engine Parts.247Formulating Engine Oils.249Fuel Economy.256Emissions Control.256Extended Service Intervals?Extended Oil Drains?.260Formulation Examples.268Commercial Railroad Diesel Engine Oil Concentrates.270Chapter 6:Emissions in an Internal Co
