1、Designation:F274710An American National StandardStandard Guide forConstruction of Sand-based Rootzones for Golf PuttingGreens and Tees1This standard is issued under the fixed designation F2747;the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or,in the case of r
2、evision,the year of last revision.A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.Asuperscript epsilon()indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1.Scope1.1 This guide covers techniques that are appropriate for theconstruction of high performance sand-based ro
3、otzones forgolf greens and tees.This guide provides guidance for theselection of materials,including soil,sand,gravel,peat,etc.,for use in designing and constructing sand-based golf turfrootzones.1.2 Decisions in selecting construction and maintenancetechniques are influenced by existing soil types,
4、climaticfactors,level of play,intensity and frequency of use,equipmentavailable,budget and training,and the ability of managementpersonnel.1.3 This guide offers an organized collection of informationor a series of options and does not recommend a specific courseof action.This document cannot replace
5、 education or experi-ence and should be used in conjunction with professionaljudgment.Not all aspects of this guide may be applicable in allcircumstances.This guide is not intended to represent orreplace the standard of care by which the adequacy of a givenprofessional service must be judged,nor sho
6、uld this documentbe applied without consideration of a projects many uniqueaspects.The word“Standard”in the title of this documentmeans only that the document has been approved through theASTM consensus process.1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as thestandard.The values given in p
7、arentheses are for informationonly.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns,if any,associated with its use.It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitati
8、ons prior to use.2.Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2C88 Test Method for Soundness of Aggregates by Use ofSodium Sulfate or Magnesium SulfateC131 Test Method for Resistance to Degradation of Small-Size Coarse Aggregate by Abrasion and Impact in the LosAngeles MachineD422 Test Method for Partic
9、le-Size Analysis of SoilsD653 Terminology Relating to Soil,Rock,and ContainedFluidsD698 Test Methods for Laboratory Compaction Character-istics of Soil Using Standard Effort(12 400 ft-lbf/ft3(600kN-m/m3)D854 Test Methods for Specific Gravity of Soil Solids byWater PycnometerD1883 Test Method for CBR
10、(California Bearing Ratio)ofLaboratory-Compacted SoilsD1997 Test Method for Laboratory Determination of theFiber Content of Peat Samples by Dry MassD2944 Test Method of Sampling Processed Peat MaterialsD2974 Test Methods for Moisture,Ash,and Organic Matterof Peat and Other Organic SoilsD2976 Test Me
11、thod for pH of Peat Materials(Withdrawn2013)3D2980 Test Method for Volume Mass,Moisture-HoldingCapacity,and Porocity of Saturated Peat MaterialsD4427 Classification of Peat Samples by Laboratory TestingD4972 Test Method for pH of SoilsF1632 Test Method for Particle Size Analysis and SandShape Gradin
12、g of Golf Course Putting Green and SportsField Rootzone MixesF1647 Test Methods for Organic Matter Content of AthleticField Rootzone Mixes1This guide is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F08 on SportsEquipment,Playing Surfaces,and Facilities and is the direct responsibility ofSubcommittee F08
13、.64 on Natural Playing Surfaces.Current edition approved July 1,2010.Published March 2011.DOI:10.1520/F2747-10.2For referenced ASTM standards,visit the ASTM website,www.astm.org,orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org.For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information,refer to the standa
14、rds Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced onwww.astm.org.Copyright ASTM International,100 Barr Harbor Drive,PO Box C700,West Conshohocken,PA 19428-2959.United States1 F1815 Test Methods for Saturated Hydraulic Conductivity,Water
15、 Retention,Porosity,and Bulk Density of AthleticField RootzonesF2060 Guide for Maintaining Cool Season Turfgrasses onAthletic FieldsF2107 Guide for Construction and Maintenance of SkinnedAreas on Baseball and Softball FieldsF2269 Guide for Maintaining Warm Season Turfgrasses onAthletic FieldsF2397 S
16、pecification for Protective Headgear Used in MartialArtsF2651 Terminology Relating to Soil and Turfgrass Charac-teristics of Natural Playing Surfaces3.Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 Except as noted,soil related definitions are in accor-dance with Terminologies D653 and F2651.4.Significance and Use4.1 A dense,uniform,smooth and vigorously(or healthy)growing natural turfgrass golf green or tee provides the idealand preferred putting or teeing surface for golf.Sand iscommonly used to construct hi
