1、Designation:F282315Standard Guide forIn-Situ Burning of Oil Spills in Marshes1This standard is issued under the fixed designation F2823;the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or,in the case of revision,the year of last revision.A number in parentheses
2、 indicates the year of last reapproval.Asuperscript epsilon()indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1.Scope1.1 This guide addresses in-situ burning as a response toolfor oil spills that occur in marshes.1.2 In-situ burning,mechanical recovery,treating agentapplication,an
3、d natural recovery are the usual options avail-able to an on-scene coordinator for the control and cleanup ofspilled oil.1.3 The purpose of this guide is to provide the user withgeneral information on in-situ burning in marshes as a meansof controlling and removing spilled oil.1.4 This guide outline
4、s considerations that can be used toconduct an in-situ burn in marshes.1.5 In making in-situ burn decisions,appropriate govern-ment authorities should be consulted.1.6 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded asstandard.No other units of measurement are included in thisstandard.1.7 This stan
5、dard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns,if any,associated with its use.It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2.Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM
6、Standards:2F1788 Guide for In-Situ Burning of Oil Spills on Water:Environmental and Operational ConsiderationsF1990/F1990M Guide for In-Situ Burning of Spilled Oil:Ignition Devices3.Terminology3.1 airborne emissionscompounds or substances that areemitted into the air as a result of a fire.3.2 fresh
7、oiloil recently spilled that is un-weathered andun-emulsified.3.3 in-situ burningburning of oil directly on the water ormarsh surface.3.4 marsha wetland characterized by grassy surface matsthat are frequently interspersed with open water or by a closedcanopy of grasses,sedges,or other herbaceous pla
8、nts.3.5 residuethe material,excluding airborne emissions,remaining after the oil stops burning.3.6 wetlandland that has the water table at,near,or abovethe land surface,or that is saturated for long enough periods topromote hydrophilic vegetation and various kinds of biologicalactivity which are ada
9、pted to the wet environment.4.Significance and Use4.1 This guide is meant to aid spill response teams duringplanning,training,exercising,spill response,and remediation.4.2 In the marsh environment,removal of the oil by in-situburning may be the only method available to responders.Thesoft,soggy soil
10、and presence of water and the potential forecological damage may inhibit the deployment of conventionaloil recovery equipment and personnel,while the shallow watermay not allow the deployment and operation of skimmers,booms,and storage devices.5.Background5.1 In-situ burning of oil has been conducte
11、d successfully ina number of marshes.Within several years,recovery wasnearly complete in areas where water level was sufficient(exceeded 2 cm)to provide protection to plant roots.Wherethis was not the case,recovery was slower.5.2 Ignition equipment for in-situ burning in marshes maybe minimal.Igniti
12、on devices may be the only specific equip-ment required.Ignition equipment may include a variety ofdevices(Guide F1990/F1990M).6.General Considerations for Making In Situ BurnDecisions for Marshes6.1 The decision of whether or not to use in-situ burning ina given spill situation is always one involv
13、ing trade-offs.General considerations such as smoke plume generated and thepotential for secondary fires,and specific factors such as marsh1This guide is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F20 on HazardousSubstances and Oil Spill Response and is the direct responsibility of SubcommitteeF20.15
14、on In-Situ Burning.Current edition approved March 1,2015.Published April 2015.Originallyapproved in 2010.Last previous edition approved in 2010 as F282310.DOI10.1520/F282315.2For referenced ASTM standards,visit the ASTM website,www.astm.org,orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org.For Annu
15、al Book of ASTMStandards volume information,refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.Copyright ASTM International,100 Barr Harbor Drive,PO Box C700,West Conshohocken,PA 19428-2959.United States1 type,water level,season,wildlife present,and vegetationrecovery should be consider
16、ed.The human population,poten-tially affected by the smoke plume,should be considered asnoted in Guide F1788.In certain cases,burning of oiledvegetation can also be considered.6.2 Oil floating on water should be at least 2 to 3 mm thickto be burned efficiently.Natural containment of spilled oil canoccur in marshes,providing such layer thickness.Wind mayalso concentrate the oil to the desired thickness(Guide F1788).6.3 Oil spilled in marshes is less prone to emulsificationthan in higher energy,op
