1、MAN UAL 1 0 A GUIDE TO THE SAFE HANDLING OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS ACCIDENTS Second Edition A Special Card Insert,Initial Emergency Assessmentm Initial Response Action,will be found inside the back cover ASTM Manual 10 is a revision of ASTM STP 825 1916 Race Street,Philadelphia,PA 19103-1187 Library of
2、 Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data A Guide to the safe handling of hazardous materials accidents.-2nd ed.(ASTM manual series;MNL 10)A card insert:Initial emergency assessmentIinitial response action will be found inside the back cover.ISBN 0-8031-1415-X 1.Hazardous substances-Accidents-Handboo
3、ks,manuals,etc.I.American Society for Testing and Materials.II.Series.T55.3.H3G85 1990 604.7IdC20 90-21971 CIP Copyright?9 1990 by the American Society for Testing and Materials.All rights reserved.No part of this publication may be reproduced,stored in a retrieval system,or transmitted,in any form
4、or by any means,electronic,mechanical,photocopying,recording,or otherwise,without the prior written permission of the publisher.Note:ASTM is not responsible,as a body,for the statements and opinions advanced in this publication.Copyright?9 1990 by the American Society for Testing and Materials ASTM
5、Publication Code Number(PCN):28-010090-48 Library of Congress Catalog Card Number:90-21971 ISBN:0-8031-1415-X First published as ASTM STP 825 in 1983 Printed in Philadelphia,Pa.December 1990 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS A Guide to the Safe Handling of Hazardous Materials Accidents was the result of the coordinat
6、ed efforts of the many individuals who have actively served on ASTM Committee F-20,Division on Hazardous Materials Spill Response.The Division acknowledges the specific efforts of M.N.McCulloch of the Southern Pacific Transportation Company,who provided the draft documents from which this manual was
7、 developed.This revised edition of ASTM STP 825,now designated Manual 10,is the product of the active members of F20.2000,Hazardous Materials Spill Response,from 1986 to 1990.CONTENTS Purpose Statement Introduction Explosives:Class A,B,and C Oxidizer Organic Peroxide Poison A Poison B Nonflammable G
8、as Flammable Gas,Flammable Liquid,Combustible Liquid Flammable Solid Corrosive Material Irritating Material Etiologic Agent Radioactive Material Special Category:Water-Sensitive Liquids I,Metals and Metal Alkyls Emergency Response Guide(insert)1 3 5 11 14 17 23 26 32 45 48 52 53 54 59 Inside Back Co
9、ver CHARTS Explosive A Explosive B Explosive C Oxidizer Organic Peroxide Poison Gas Bulk Cylinders Poison B Nonflammable Gas Bulk Cylinders Flammable Gas Bulk Cylinders Flammable Liquid Combustible Liquid Flammable Solid Corrosive Material Radioactive Material Special Category:Water-Sensitive Liquid
10、s I,Metals and Metal Alkyls 7 8 9 13 15 19 20,21 25 28,29 30,31 38,39 40,41 42,43 44 47 51 56,57 63 MNLIO-EB/Dec.1990 PURPOSE STATEMENT The material contained in this manual is intended to be used in planning and training.Planning a response and training personnel are necessary to assure the safest,
11、most effective handling of a hazardous material incident.It must be rec-ognized that all plans are subject to modification based on the actual facts of the situation.The flow charts are designed to assist the on-scene emergency responder in the decision-making process during the handling of a hazard
12、ous material in-cident.Copyright*1990 by ASTM International www.astm.org MNLIO-EB/Dec.1990 INTRODUCTION In emergency situations the hazard classification system of the Department of Transportation(DOT)is useful,familiar,and available on the scene.This manual is arranged by DOT hazard class and shipm
13、ent volume.The exception is the Section on Water-Sensitive Liquids(page 59),which is not a DOT class.Within some classes,a distinction is made between bulk and package shipments.Bulk shipments are those that equal or exceed 110 gallons liquid(415 liters)or 1000 pounds dry(450 kilograms)measure,such
14、as tank car or tank truck.Package shipments are those that are less than 110 gallons liquid(415 liters)or 1000 pounds dry(450 kilograms)measure per package.The text of the manual describes the DOT hazard classes,the terms used in describing the classes or materials,and emergency control tactics.Two
15、symbols are used in the flow charts.The diamond indicates a condition and should be read as a question:Does this condition exist?The rectangle recommends an action or provides information.The charts are arranged by hazard class and shipment volume,both shown in the upper right-hand corner of each ch
16、art.Once the appropriate chart has been located,answer the condition questions starting in the upper left-hand corner and proceed as directed by the answers Yes or No until the action recommendation is reached.If the situation changes,repeat the process.Accidents involving multiple hazard classifications pose risks not adequately addressed by single-hazard class decision charts.These charts do not address possible results of mixing various materials.All evacuation distances are for protection of
