1、ISO/ASTM 51539:2005(Reapproved 2013)(E)Standard Guide forUse of Radiation-Sensitive Indicators1This standard is issued under the fixed designation ISO/ASTM 51539;the number immediately following the designation indicates theyear of original adoption or,in the case of revision,the year of last revisi
2、on.1.Scope1.1 This guide covers procedures for using radiation-sensitive indicators(referred to hereafter as indicators)inradiation processing.These indicators may be labels,papers,inks or packaging materials which undergo a visual changewhen exposed to ionizing radiation(1-5).21.2 The purpose for u
3、sing indicators is to determine visuallywhether or not a product has been irradiated,rather than tomeasure different dose levels.1.3 Indicators are not dosimeters and shall not be used as asubstitute for proper dosimetry.Information about dosimetrysystems for radiation processing is provided in othe
4、r ASTMand ISO/ASTM documents(see ISO/ASTM Guide 51261).1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns,if any,associated with its use.It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of
5、 regulatory limitations prior to use.2.Referenced documents2.1 ASTM Standards:3E170 Terminology Relating to Radiation Measurements andDosimetry2.2 ISO/ASTM Standards:351204 Practice for Dosimetry in Gamma Irradiation Facili-ties for Food Processing51261 Practice for Calibration of Routine Dosimetry
6、Sys-tems for Radiation Processing51431 Practice for Dosimetry in Electron Beam and X-ray(Bremsstrahlung)Irradiation Facilities for Food Process-ing51608 Practice for Dosimetry in an X-ray(Bremsstrahlung)Facility for Radiation Processing51649 Practice for Dosimetry in an Electron Beam Facilityfor Rad
7、iation Processing at Energies between 300 keV and25 MeV51702 Practice for Dosimetry in Gamma Facility for Radia-tion Processing51939 Practice for Blood Irradiation Dosimetry51940 Guide for Dosimetry for Sterile Insect Release Pro-grams2.3 International Commission on Radiation Units and Mea-surements
8、(ICRU)Reports:4ICRU Report 85 Fundamental Quantities and Units forIonizing Radiation3.Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 dosimetry systemsystem used for determining ab-sorbed dose,consisting of dosimeters,measurement instru-ments and their associated reference standards,and proceduresfor the systems u
9、se.3.1.2 indicatorsee radiation-sensitive indicator.3.1.3 process loadvolume of material with a specifiedproduct loading configuration irradiated as a single entity.3.1.4 radiation-sensitive indicatormaterial such as coatedor impregnated adhesive-backed substrate,ink,coating or othermaterials which
10、may be affixed to or printed on the processloads,and which undergoes a visual change when exposed toionizing radiation.3.1.4.1 DiscussionThis visual change may be as observedwith the unaided eye or with an eye aid such as an optical filter.3.1.4.2 DiscussionIn the past,radiation-sensitive indica-tor
11、s have been referred to by different names(1-5)includinglabel dosimeters,label indicators,indicator labels,doseindicators,and radiation monitoring labels.ASTM Subcom-mittee E10.01 considers a label dosimeter to be fundamentallydifferent from an indicator,and intends to define a labeldosimeter as a t
12、ype of routine dosimeter(that is,quantitative)1This guide is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E61 on RadiationProcessing and is the direct responsibility of Subommittee E61.04 on SpecialtyApplication,and is also under the jurisdiction of ISO/TC 85/WG 3.Current edition approved May 27,2013.Pu
13、blished July 2013.Originallypublished as ASTM E 153993.Last previous ASTM edition E 1539981.ASTME 153993 was adopted by ISO in 1998 with the intermediate designation ISO15564:1998(E).ThepresentInternationalStandardISO/ASTM51539:2005(2013)(E)replaces ISO 15544 and is a reapproval of the last previous
14、edition ISO/ASTM 51539:2005(E).2The boldface numbers in parentheses refer to the bibliography at the end of thisguide.3For referenced ASTM and ISO/ASTM standards,visit the ASTM website,www.astm.org,or contact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org.ForAnnual Book of ASTM Standards volume informatio
15、n,refer to the standardsDocument Summary page on the ASTM website.4Available from the International Commission on Radiation Units andMeasurements,7910 Woodmont Ave.,Suite 800,Bethesda,MD 20814,USA.ISO/ASTM International 2015 All rights reserved1 that is unique in that it is attached firmly to the pr
16、oduct and canbe read out without being removed from the product.3.2 Definitions of other terms used in this standard thatpertain to radiation measurement and dosimetry may be foundin ASTM Terminology E170.Definitions in ASTM E170 arecompatible with ICRU 85;that document,therefore,may beused as an alternative reference.4.Significance and use4.1 Indicators may be used to show that products have beenexposed to a radiation source.They should be used only toprovide a qualitative indication of radiati
