1、Designation:F223214Standard Test Method forDetermining the Longitudinal Load Required to Detach HighHeels from Footwear1This standard is issued under the fixed designation F2232;the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or,in the case of revision,the yea
2、r of last revision.A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.Asuperscript epsilon()indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1.Scope1.1 This test method covers the determination of the forcerequired to detach the heel from footwear through the appli-cati
3、on of longitudinal tensile force at a constant displacementrate.The longitudinal test force simulates the most commonheel failure mode.Heel height of 20 mm(1316in.)or larger isneeded to perform this test method properly.Most womensmedium and high heeled footwear meets this requirement.1.2 The values
4、 stated in SI units are to be regarded as thestandard.The values given in parentheses are for informationonly.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns,if any,associated with its use.It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety a
5、nd health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2.Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2E29 Practice for Using Significant Digits in Test Data toDetermine Conformance with SpecificationsE105 Practice for Probability Sampling of MaterialsE122 Practice for
6、 Calculating Sample Size to Estimate,WithSpecified Precision,the Average for a Characteristic of aLot or ProcessE456 Terminology Relating to Quality and Statistics2.2 European Standard:BSEN 12785 Footwear,Test Method for Whole ShoesHeel Attachment33.Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 forefootthe porti
7、on of the shoe extending forwardfrom the break of the joint to the toe,also called forepart.3.1.2 heel attachment strengththe force in pounds mea-sured under the testing conditions of Test Method F2232required to detach the heel from the sole/insole assembly.3.1.3 heel breastthe front face of the sh
8、oe heel.3.1.4 heel heightthe vertical distance from the top backedge of the heel to the plane of the tread(wear)surface of theheel.3.1.5 insolethe part of the shoe that is a structural anchorto which the upper and heel are fastened during manufacture.It may or may not be covered on the foot side by
9、materialreferred to as a socklining.3.1.6 outsolethe bottom(sole)of the shoe:including thesurface which is exposed to wear.3.1.7 seatboarda reinforcement(if used)of the insolewhere the heel is attached.3.1.8 shanka reinforcement in the arch(instep)of the shoebetween the insole and outsole made from
10、steel,wood,fiberboard or plastic(individually or in combination).3.1.9 shankboardthe back part of the insole which isfabricated from a firm fiberboard.It is contoured to the arch ofthe foot for support.3.1.10 top piece(toplift)the bottom layer of a heel(wearsurface)usually made of leather,rubber,pla
11、stic,steel,orelastomers.3.2 For definitions of other terms relating to footwear,referto the Footwear Products Glossary.44.Significance and Use4.1 Since the heel is an integral support element of the shoe,the heel-attaching strength is a significant factor in ensuring thewearers safety,as well as the
12、 longevity and serviceability ofthe shoe.1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F13 onPedestrian/Walkway Safety and Footwear and is the direct responsibility ofSubcommittee F13.30 on Footwear.Current edition approved June 1,2014.Published September 2014.Originallyapproved in 2
13、003.Last previous edition approved in 2009 as F2232 09.DOI:10.1520/F2232-14.2For referenced ASTM standards,visit the ASTM website,www.astm.org,orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org.For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information,refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe AST
14、M website.3Orders for all BSI,International and foreign standards publications should beaddressed to Customer Service.4Available from American Apparel&Footwear Assoc.(AAFA),1601 N.KentSt.,Suite 1200,Arlington,VA 22209.Copyright ASTM International,100 Barr Harbor Drive,PO Box C700,West Conshohocken,P
15、A 19428-2959.United States1 4.2 This test should be performed on each new style shoeand when any changes are made in the design,material ormethod of shank or heel area of the shoe,or both,or in theattachment of the heel in an existing shoe.5.Apparatus5.1 Tensile Testing MachineA CRE-type(constant ra
16、te ofexpansion type)or CRT-type(constant rate of traverse type)with extension or traverse rate of 100 mm/min(4 in./min)withautographic recorder or automatic microprocessor data gather-ing system.5.1.1 Upper and Lower Attaching Mechanism,to clamp theheel jig attachment or wire and toe and shank end of the shoe.See Fig.2 and Fig.4.5.2 Drill Press.5.3 Drill Bit,5 mm(316in.).5.4 Vise,used to hold the shoe heel for drilling.5.5 Wire,2.5 mm(332in.)diameter piano or other highstrength wire.5.5.1 In pla
