1、Designation:F231612(Reapproved 2014)Standard Specification forAirframe Emergency Parachutes1This standard is issued under the fixed designation F2316;the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or,in the case of revision,the year of last revision.A number
2、in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.Asuperscript epsilon()indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1.Scope1.1 This specification covers minimum requirements for thedesign,manufacture,and installation of parachutes for air-frames.Airframe emergency parachut
3、es addressed in thisstandard refer to parachute systems designed,manufactured,and installed to recover the airframe and its occupants at asurvivable rate of descent.This standard is not applicable todeep-stall parachutes,spin recovery parachutes,drogueparachutes,or other airframe emergency aerodynam
4、ic decel-erators not specifically intended for safely lowering the air-frame and occupants to the ground.The standard is applicableto these types of parachutes if they are an integral part of anairframe emergency parachute system designed to recover theairframe and occupants at a survivable rate of
5、descent.1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded asstandard.There may be values given in parentheses that aremathematical conversions to inch-pound units.Values in pa-rentheses are provided for information only and are notconsidered standard.1.2.1 Note that within the aviation community
6、mixed unitsare appropriate in accordance with International Civil AviationOrganization(ICAO)agreements.While the values stated in SIunits are regarded as standard,certain values such as airspeedsin knots and altitude in feet are also accepted as standard.1.3 Airframe emergency parachute recovery sys
7、tems havebecome an acceptable means of greatly reducing the likelihoodof serious injury or death in an in-flight emergency.Eventhough they have saved hundreds of lives in many differenttypes of conditions,inherent danger of failure,even if properlydesigned,manufactured and installed,remains due to t
8、hecountless permutations of random variables(attitude,altitude,accelerations,airspeed,weight,geographic location,etc.)thatmay exist at time of usage.The combination of these variablesmay negatively influence the life saving function of theseairframe emergency parachute systems.They are designed tobe
9、 a supplemental safety device and to be used at the discretionof the pilot when deemed to provide the best chance ofsurvivability.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns,if any,associated with its use.It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish a
10、ppro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory requirements prior to use.2.Referenced Documents2.1 There are currently no referenced documents in thisspecification.3.Terminology3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.1.1 ballistic device,nmay incl
11、ude rocket motor,mortar,explosive projectile,spring,or other stored energy device.3.1.2 completely opened parachute,nthe parachute hasreached its maximum design dimensions for the first time.3.1.3 parachute deployment,nprocess of parachute acti-vation and inflation.4.Materials and Manufacture4.1 Mat
12、erialsMaterials used for parts and assemblies,thefailure of which could adversely affect safety,must meet thefollowing conditions:4.1.1 Materials shall be suitable and durable for the intendeduse.4.1.2 Design values(strength)must be chosen so that nostructural part is under strength as a result of m
13、aterial varia-tions or load concentration,or both.4.1.3 The effects of environmental conditions,such astemperature and humidity,expected in service must be takeninto account.5.Reserved5.1 This section is being used as a placeholder to maintainthe previous section numbers.6.Parachute System Design Re
14、quirements6.1 Strength Requirements:1This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F37 on LightSport Aircraft and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F37.70 on CrossCutting.Current edition approved Sept.1,2014.Published December 2014.Originallyapproved in 2003.Last previous
15、 edition approved in 2012 as F2316 12.DOI:10.1520/F2316-12R14.Copyright ASTM International,100 Barr Harbor Drive,PO Box C700,West Conshohocken,PA 19428-2959.United States1 6.1.1 Strength requirements are specified in terms of limitloads(the maximum loads to be expected in service)andultimate loads(l
16、imit loads multiplied by a prescribed factor ofsafety).6.1.1.1 Unless otherwise provided,prescribed loads arelimit loads.6.1.1.2 Unless otherwise provided,an ultimate load factorof safety of 1.5 must be used.6.1.2 System evaluation by analysis must use an acceptedcomputational method that has been verified through testing.Inother cases,load testing must be conducted.6.1.3 System evaluation by testing must be supported withinstrument calibration verified by an applicable weights andmeasures regul
