1、Manual on Presentation of Data and Control Chart Analysis 7th Edition Prepared by COMMITTEE E-11 ON QUALITY AND STATISTICS Stock#;MNL7A Revision of Special Technical Publication(STP)15D l4|ASTM International 100 Barr Harbor Drive PO Box C700 INTERNATIONAL West Conshohocken,PA 19428-2959 Ittirary at
2、Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Manual en presentation of data and control chart analysis/prepared by the Committee E-11 on statistical control.(ASTM manual series;MNL 7)Includes bibliographical references.ISBN 0-8031-1289-0 1.MaterialsTestingHandbooks,manuals,etc.2.Quality controlStatistica
3、l methodsHandbooks,manuals,etc.I.ASTM Committeie E-11 on Statistical Methods.II.Series.TA410.M355 1989 620.110287dc20 89-18047 CIP Copyright 2002 by ASTM International,West Conshohocken,PA.Prior editions copyrighted 1995 and eariier,by ASTM International.All rights reserved.This material may not be
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5、ients,is granted by ASTM International for users registered with the Copyright Clearance Center(CCC)Transactional Reporting Service,provided the base fee of$2.50 per copy,plus$0.50 per page is paid directly to CCC,222 Rosewood Dr.,Danvers,MA 01923;Phone:(508)750-8400;Fax:(508)740-4744;online:http:/w
6、ww.copyright.coni/.For those organizations that have been granted a photocopy license by CCC,a separate system of payment has been arranged.The fee code for users of the Transactional Reporting Service is 0-8031-1289-0 95$2.50+.50.Printed in Bridgeport,NJ February 2002 Foreword THIS ASTM Manual on P
7、resentation of Data and Control Chart Analysis is the sixth revision of the original ASTM Manual on Presentation of Data first published in 1933.This sixth revision was prepared by the ASTM El 1.10 Subcommittee on Sampling and Data Analysis,which serves the ASTM Committee E-11 on Quality and Statist
8、ics.Contents Preface 1 Presentation of Data 5 Summary 5 Recommendations for Presentation of Data 5 Glossary of Symbols Used in Part 1 5 Introduction 7 1.Purpose 7 2.Type of Data Considered 7 3.Homogeneous Data 8 4.Typical Examples of Physical Data 9 Ungrouped Whole Number Distribution 10 5.Ungrouped
9、 Distribution 10 6.Empirical Percentiles and Order Statistics 10 Grouped Frequency Distributions 13 7.Introduction 13 8.Definitions 14 9.Choice of Bin Boundaries 14 10.Number of Bins 14 11.Rules for Constructing Bins 14 12.Tabular Presentation 17 13.Graphical Presentation 18 14.Cumulative Frequency
10、Distribution 19 15.Stem and Leaf Diagram 20 16.Ordered Stem and Leaf Diagram and Box Plot 21 Functions of a Frequency Distribution 22 17.Introduction 22 18.Relative Frequency 23 19.Average(Arithmetic Mean)23 20.Other Measures of Central Tendency 23 21.Standard Deviation 24 22.Other Measures of Dispe
11、rsion 24 23.Skewnessgi 25 23a.Kurtosisg2 25 24.Computational Tutorial 26 Amount of Information Contained in p,X,s,gi,and gz 26 25.Summarizing the Information 26 26.Several Values of Relative Frequency,p 27 27.Single Percentile of Relative Frequency,p 27 28.Average XOnly 28 29.Average X and Standard
12、Deviation s 28 30.Average X,Standard Deviation s,Skewness gi,and Kurtosis g2 30 31.Use of Coefficient of Variation Instead of the Standard Deviation 33 32.General Comment on Observed Frequency Distributions of a Series of ASTM Observations 34 33.SummaryAmount of Information Contained in Simple Funct
13、ions of the Data 35 Essential Information 35 34.Introduction 35 35.What Functions of the Data Contain the Essential Information 35 36.Presenting X Only Versus Presenting X and s 36 37.Observed Relationships 37 38.Summary:Essential Information 39 Presentation of Relevant Information 39 39.Introductio
14、n 39 40.Relevant Information 39 41.Evidence of Control 40 Recommendations 40 42.Recommendations for Presentation of Data 40 References for Part 1 41 Presenting Plus or Minus Limits of Uncertainty of an Observed Average 42 Glossary of Symbols Used in Part 2 42 1.Purpose 42 2.The Problem 42 3.Theoreti
15、cal Background 43 4.Computation of Limits 43 5.Experimental Illustration 47 6.Presentation of Data 47 7.One-Sided Limits 48 8.General Comments on the Use of Confidence Limits 49 9.Number of Places to be Retained in Computation and Presentation 49 Supplements 51 A.Presenting Plus or Minus Limits of U
16、ncertainty for 7 Normal Distribution 51 B.Presenting Plus or Minus Limits of Uncertainty fory 53 References for Part 2 55 3 Control Chart Method of Analysis and Presentation of Data 56 Glossary of Terms and Symbols Used in Part 3 56 General Principles 58 1.Purpose 58 2.Terminology and Technical Background 59 3.Two Uses 60 4.Breaking up Data into Rational Subgroups 60 5.General Technique in Using Control Chart Method 60 6.Control Limits and Criteria of Control 61 ControlNo Standard Given 64 7.Int
