1、典题精讲经典题型例1(2023年全国)The chairman thought necessary to invite Professor Smith to speak at the meeting.思路解析此题考查形式宾语的用法。it在句中作形式宾语,to invite Professor Smith to speak at the meeting 为真实宾语,necessary为补足语。答案:B黑色陷阱此题容易误选A。错选的原因是误把thought后面的内容当成宾语从句,that为连接词。但是thought后面的内容不是一个完整的句子,不能充当宾语从句。绿色通道当不定式和动名词作宾语,其后
2、有补足语时,要用形式宾语it,而将不定式和动名词置于补足语之后。(句型:“主语+谓语+it+宾补+不定式或动名词)。多数情况下,在这种句型中用不定式,动名词用得较少。用动名词时,常见的补足语是any/no good,useless,any/no use,senseless等。例2 I like in the autumn when the weather is clear and bright.A this思路解析此题考查it作替代词的用法。it代替后面的句子所表示的意义。that在定语从句中,可作关系代词,代替某个先行词(人或物),也可以作宾语从句的连接词,但此题不是定语从句和宾语从句。on
3、e后面应接定语从句。this不能作连接词。答案:C绿色通道it作替代词的情况如下:1)it用来替代前面提到的同一事物时,被替代的名词可以是可数名词,也可以是不可数名词。如: We are studying in a school with trees all around it.(it替代可数名词school) 2)it可以替代英语句式中的不定式(短语)、动名词(短语)或从句,在句中作形式主语或形式宾语。如: It is a great surprise to meet you here.(It替代不定式短语to meet you here) 3)it可以替代前面的某一名词或整个句子的内容。这
4、时,可用that替换,也可以改为非限制性定语从句。有时it可以前置替代,用以代替后面整个句子的内容。这时,不可用that替换。如: I hate it when people talk with their mouths full。(it代替后面整个句子when people talk with.)例3(2023年湖北)It is generally considered unwise to give a child he or she wants.C.whicheverD.whenever 思路解析此题考查连接词。to give a child he or she wants为真正的主语,i
5、t是形式主语。主语从句中又有一个宾语从句“ he or she wants。whatever 在从句中作宾语。这句话的意思是“大家普遍认为孩子要什么就给什么是不明智的。答案:B黑色陷阱此题如果没有理清句子结构,其他三项都容易错选。错选A和D两项是因为没有掌握however,whenever 不可以作宾语,错选C项是不知道whichever常作定语,而不是宾语。例4 The man insisted a taxi for me even though I told him I lived nearby.B.to findC.on findingD.in finding思路解析此题考查动词搭配。i
6、nsist常接从句或介词“on+doing,不接不定式或“in+doing。如果insist后面接了一个从句,并且意义上表达的是“坚持做某事,从句的谓语要用should +动词原形,其中should 可以省略。但此题insist后面接的不是从句。答案:C例5(2022年北京) is reported in the newspapers,talks between the two countries are making progress.思路解析As is reported in the newspapers 是非限定性定语从句,as指代talks between the two countr
7、ies are making progress,在从句中作主语。答案:B黑色陷阱此题易错选A、C两项,错选A的原因是误以为该题是以it引导的主语从句。但此题正确的主语形式应该如下:It is reported in the newspapers that talks between the two countries are making progress.错选C项的原因是误以为此题是that引导的主语从句,但that引导主语从句时,附属连词that在主语从句中不作任何成分,只起连接从句的作用。绿色通道此题考查定语从句的引导词问题。定语从句一般要紧跟在其所修饰的先行词之后,只有as引导的非限制
8、性定语从句的位置较灵活,可位于句首、句中或句末。此题中as在定语从句中作主语。which在定语从句中可作主语或宾语,不能位于句首;what不引导定语从句。定语从句引导词的选择关键有两点:一是先行词;二是引导词(即先行词)在从句中的作用。例6He will come tomorrow.But Id rather he the day after tomorrow.l comeB.is comingD.had come思路解析drather=would rather意为“宁可;宁愿。 would rather后面接从句时,表示主语宁愿让某人干某事。这时,从句谓语动词要用虚拟语气,即用一般过去时表示
9、过去正在或将来要做的事;用过去完成时表示过去要做的事。答案:C黑色陷阱此题容易误选A或B两项,因为上文的He will come tomorrow以及下文的时间状语the day after tomorrow都容易让人以为要填将来时态。绿色通道平时需要注意某些特殊句型的用法,也可从学习虚拟语气入手。类似的句型还有:wish+that-clause; Its time +that-clause;和as if +从句。例7(2022年上海)Rose was wild with joy the result of the examination.思路解析at 表原因,多与表感情的词连用,意为“因,因
10、为看到(听到)而。如:She was surprised at what he said.她听到他的话感到很惊讶。其他选项无此用法。答案:B黑色陷阱此题容易错选D项。错选的原因是受短语的干扰。但as a result of意为“由于,那本句的句意就变成“因为考试,她快乐得快疯了,不符合常理。例8 She looks forward every spring to the flower-lined garden.B.paying a visitC.walk inD.walking in思路解析此题考查短语look forward to(盼望)的用法,其中的to是介词,不是不定式符号,要用动名词,
11、由此可以排除A、C两项。B项pay a visit后面如果要接宾语,要用连接词to,由此可以排除B项。答案:D黑色陷阱此题容易错选B、C两项。错选B项的原因是没有掌握 pay a visit不能直接接宾语的用法。错选C项的原因是句中插入了every spring这一状语,使look forward与介词to别离,把to误以为是不定式符号,影响了思维判断。例8 The man in prison insisted that he nothing wrong and he set free.A.had done;should beB.should do;should beC.had done;ha
12、d beenD.should do;had been思路解析insist 后接了两个宾语从句,that he had done nothing wrong 是“the man 在陈述事实,所以用正常应该用的时态。第一个宾语中的“没有做错事是发生在insisted之前,为“过去的过去,所以应用过去完成时。and he should be set free是基于这一事实上而提出来的要求,需要用虚拟语气,即should加动词原形的形式。答案:A 绿色通道注意insist的两种含义。一般说来,假设该谓语动词所表示的动作尚未发生,或尚未成为事实,那么用虚拟语气;假设该谓语动词所表示的动作已经发生,或已经
13、成为事实,那么要用陈述语气。例10 (2022年广东) the programme,they have to stay there for another two weeks.A.Not completingB.Not completedC.Not having completedD.Having not completed思路解析complete the programme 与句子主语they 的关系是主动的,应该用现在分词形式,可以排除B项。not complete的动作发生在have to stay之前,所以应该用完成式的现在分词,可以排除A项。D项的否认形式不对,非谓语动词的否认式一般
14、是在其前加not。答案:C志鸿原创题阅读短文,完成表格:NBA basketball matchOn October,17,2022,for the first time,the second NBA basketball match will be held in Beijing.Yao Mings Rockets will play the Kings as the host team at the Workers Stadium.Tickets will be sold from August 3.Tickets price: from 180 to 3000 yuan.Brazilia
15、n footballersThe Brazilian Football Club will play Beijing Guoan Team at the Workers Stadium on August 26.the club has four national team players.Also coming is World Cup star Ronaldo who has promised to play at least 45 minutes.Ticket price: not more than 1000 yuan.Rock ClimbingThe Third National Rock Climbing Competition will be held on Au