1、STP 1443 Multiple Stressor Effects in Relation to Declining Amphibian Populations G.Linder,S.Krest,1).Sparling and E.Little,editors ASTM Stock Number:STP1443 mlltoNag ASTM International 100 Barr Harbor Drive PO Box C700 West Conshohocken,PA 19428-2959 Printed in the U.S.A.Library of Congress Catalog
2、ing-in-Publication Data Multiple stressor effects in relation to declining amphibian populations/G.Under.et al.,editors.p.cm.-(STP;1443)ASTM Stock Number:.STP1443.Includes bibliographical references.ISBN 0-8031-3464-9 1.Amphibians-Effect of chemicals on-Congresses.2.Toxicity testing-Congresses.3.End
3、angered species-Congresses.I.Under,Greg,1950 May 28-I1.ASTM International.II1.Series.IV.ASTM special technical publication;1443.QL669.2.M85 2003 571.95178-dc21 2003045244 Copyright?9 2003 AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR TESTING AND MATERIALS INTERNATIONAL,West Conshohocken,PA.All rights reserved.This material
4、may not be reproduced or copied,in whole or in part,in any printed,mechanical,electronic,film,or other distribution and storage media,without the written consent of the publisher.Photocopy Rights Authorization to photocopy items for internal,personal,or educational classroom use,or the internal,pers
5、onal,or educational classroom use of specific clients,is granted by the American Society for Testing and Materials Intemational(ASTM)provided that the appropriate fee is paid to the Copyright Clearance Center,222 Rosewood Drive,Danvers,MA 01923;Tel:978-750-8400;online:http:/ Review Policy Each paper
6、 published in this volume was evaluated by two peer reviewers and at least one editor.The authors addressed all of the reviewers comments to the satisfaction of both the technical editor(s)and the ASTM International Committee on Publications.To make technical information available as quickly as poss
7、ible,the peer-reviewed papers in this publication were prepared camera-ready as submitted by the authors.The quality of the papers in this publication reflects not only the obvious efforts of the authors and the technical editor(s),but also the work of the peer reviewers.In keeping with long-standin
8、g publication practices,ASTM International maintains the anonymity of the peer reviewers.The ASTM International Committee on Publications acknowledges with appreciation their dedication and contribution of time and effort on behalf of ASTM International.Printed in Bridgeport,NJ May 2003 Foreword Thi
9、s publication,Multiple Stressor Effects in Relation to Declining Amphibian Populations,con-tains papers presented at the symposium of the same name held in Pittsburgh,PA,on 16-17 April 2002.The symposium was sponsored by ASTM International Committee EA7 on Biological Effects and Environmental Fate.T
10、he symposium co-chairpersons were Greg Linder,USGS/BRD/CERC,Sherry Krest,US Fish and Wildlife Service,Ed Little,USGS/BRD/CERC,and Don Sparling,USGS/BRD/Patuxent Wildlife Research Center.iii Contents OVERVIEW TOXICITY ASSESSMENT The History and Development of FETAX(ASTM Standard Guide,E-1439 on Condu
11、cting the Frog Embryo Teratogenesis Assay,Xenopus)-J.N.DUMONT,J.A.BANTLE,AND G.UNDER The FETAX of Today-and Tomorrow-D.J.FORT,D.W.MCLAUGHLIN,AND L G.BURKHART AMPHITOX:A Customized Set of Toxicity Tests Employing Amphibian Embryos-J.HERKOVITS AND C.S.PIREZ-COLL vii 23 46 FIELD AND LABORATORY STUDIES
12、Investigation of Frog Abnormalities on National Wildlife Refuges in the Northeast U.S.mL.EATON-POOLE,A.E.PmKNEY,D.E.GgEEN,D.R.SUTHEgLAND,AND g.J.BABBrrr 63 Evaluation of the Potential Impact of Water and Sediment from National Wildlife Refuge Sites Using a Modified Frog Embryo Teratogenesis Assay-Xe
13、nopus(FETAX)-s.D.RLEY,L.EATON-POOLE,A.E.PINKNEY,M.A.OSBORN,AND D.T.BURTON 79 Determination of Malathion Aerial Drift and Associated Effects to the Endangered Wyoming Toad(Bufo baxteri)Using Surrogate Woodhouses Toads(Bufo woodhousii)at Mortenson and Hutton Lake National Wildlife Refuges and Potentia
14、l Reintroduction Sites-K.K.DICKERSON,M.J.HOOPER,T.HUANG,AND M.ALLEN 96 Synergistic Effects of a Combined Exposure to Herbicides and an Insecticide in Hyla ver$1color-L.MAZANTI,D.W.SPARLING,C.RICE,K.BIALEK,C.STEVENSON,AND B.TEELS 1 1 Ammonium Perchlorate Disruption of Thyroid Function in Natural Amph
15、ibian Populations:Assessment and Potential ImpactmJ.A.CAP.R,L.J.URQUIDI,W.L.GOLEMAN,F.HU,P.N.SMITH,AND C.W.THEODORAKIS 130 V vi CONTENTS Interaction Between Perchlorate and Iodine in the Metamorphosis ofHyla versicolor-D.W.SPARLING,G.HARVEY,AND V.NZENGUNG Using Semipermeable Membrane Devices(SPMDs)t
16、o Assess the Toxicity and Teratogenicity of Aquatic Amphibian Habitats-c.M.BRIDGES AND E.E.LITTLE Methods for Testing the Combined Effects of Contamination and Hibernation On Terrestrial Amphibians-s.M.JAMES Integrated Field and Laboratory Tests to Evaluate Effects of Metals-Impacted Wetlands on Amphibians:A Case Study from Montana-G.L1NDER 143 159 169 184 CAUSAL ANALYSIS The Role of Multiple Stressor Causes in Declining Amphibian Populations:A Wingspread Workshop Summary-s.K.KREST,G.UNDER,AND D
