1、Designation:F210708An American National StandardStandard Guide forConstruction and Maintenance of Skinned Areas onBaseball and Softball Fields1This standard is issued under the fixed designation F2107;the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or,in the c
2、ase of revision,the year of last revision.A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.Asuperscript epsilon()indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1.Scope1.1 This guide covers techniques that are appropriate for theconstruction and maintenance of skinne
3、d areas on baseball andsoftball fields.This guide provides guidance for the selectionof materials,such as soil,sand,gravel,crushed stone,crushedbrick,calcined clay,calcined diatomaceous earth,vitrified clay,etc.,for use in constructing or reconditioning skinned areas andfor the selection of manageme
4、nt practices that will maintain asafe and playable skinned surface.Although this guide isspecific to baseball/softball,it has application to other sportswhere ball bounce,ball roll,or player footing,or a combinationthereof,are of importance.1.2 Decisions in selecting construction and maintenancetech
5、niques are influenced by existing soil types,climaticfactors,level of play,intensity of use,equipment available,budget,and training and ability of management personnel.1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as thestandard.The values in parentheses are for information only.1.4 This stan
6、dard may involve hazardous materials,operations,and equipment.This standard does not purport toaddress all of the safety concerns,if any,associated with itsuse.It is the responsibility of the user of this standard toestablish appropriate safety and health practices and deter-mine the applicability o
7、f regulatory requirements prior to use.1.5 This guide offers an organized collection of informationor a series of options and does not recommend a specificcourse of action.This document cannot replace education orexperience and should be used in conjunction with professionaljudgment.Not all aspects
8、of this guide may be applicable in allcircumstances.The ASTM standard is not intended to representor replace the standard of care by which the adequacy of agiven professional service must be judged,nor should thisdocument be applied without consideration of a projects manyunique aspects.The word“Sta
9、ndard”in the title of thisdocument means only that the document has been approvedthrough the ASTM consensus process.2.Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2C33 Specification for Concrete AggregatesC242 Terminology of Ceramic Whitewares and RelatedProductsD422 Test Method for Particle-Size Analysis
10、 of SoilsD653 Terminology Relating to Soil,Rock,and ContainedFluidsD5883 Guide for Use of Rotary Kiln Produced ExpandedShale,Clay or Slate(ESCS)as a Mineral Amendment inTopsoil Used for Landscaping and Related PurposesE11 Specification for Woven Wire Test Sieve Cloth and TestSievesF405 Specification
11、 for Corrugated Polyethylene(PE)Pipeand FittingsF1632 Test Method for Particle Size Analysis and SandShape Grading of Golf Course Putting Green and SportsField Rootzone MixesF2270 Guide for Construction and Maintenance of WarningTrack Areas on Athletic Fields3.Terminology3.1 DefinitionsExcept as not
12、ed,soil related definitions arein accordance with Terminology D653.3.1.1 calcined claygranular,lightweight material pro-duced by calcining clay minerals,such as montmorillonite andattapulgite,at temperatures of about 700C or higher.Thoseused as soil amendments should be hard,resistant to physicalbre
13、akdown,and screened to appropriate sizes.Calcined clay isa manufactured product that lacks the particle size and plas-ticity properties that would allow it to be included in thedefinition of clay.(1)31This guide is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F08 on SportsEquipment,Playing Surfaces,and
14、Facilities and is the direct responsibility ofSubcommittee F08.64 on Natural Playing Surfaces.Current edition approved Nov.1,2008.Published November 2008.Originallyapproved in 2001.Last previous edition approved in 2007 as F2107 07.DOI:10.1520/F2107-08.2For referenced ASTM standards,visit the ASTM w
15、ebsite,www.astm.org,orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org.For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information,refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3The boldface numbers in parentheses refer to the list of references at the end ofthis standard.Copyright ASTM In
16、ternational,100 Barr Harbor Drive,PO Box C700,West Conshohocken,PA 19428-2959.United States1 3.1.2 calcined diatomitestable,lightweight granules pro-duced by calcining diatomite(diatomaceous earth),a hydratedsilica mineral derived from the remains of diatoms.(1)3.1.3 clayclay can be defined in terms of a particular sizefraction of a soil,a soil textural class,a soil particle size class,a soil textural group,soil mineralogy,or,in engineering terms,as materials that exhibit plastic soil properties
