1、Designation:F248208(Reapproved 2015)Standard Specification forLoad-Indicating Externally Threaded Fasteners1This standard is issued under the fixed designation F2482;the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or,in the case of revision,the year of last re
2、vision.A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.Asuperscript epsilon()indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1.Scope*1.1 This specification covers externally threaded bolts,studs,and cap screws as defined in Table 1,herein calledfasteners,capable of
3、indicating clamping forces up to yieldstrength during the tightening process or post installationresidual tension,or both.Load-indicating fasteners utilizemechanical,electronic,or ultrasonic means to indicate fastenertension.1.2 This specification covers bolt diameters14to 7 in.inclusive.1.3 These f
4、asteners provide a means to verify the desiredclamp load in critical applications upon installation and inservice.1.4 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regardedas standard.No other units of measurement are included in thisstandard.1.5 The following precautionary statement pertains only
5、 tothe test method portion,Section 11,of the specification:Thisstandard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns,if any,associated with its use.It is the responsibility of the userof this standard to establish appropriate safety and healthpractices and determine the applicability of re
6、gulatory limita-tions prior to use.2.Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2A193/A193M Specification for Alloy-Steel and StainlessSteel Bolting for High Temperature or High PressureService and Other Special Purpose ApplicationsA325 Specification for Structural Bolts,Steel,Heat Treated,120/105 ksi M
7、inimum Tensile StrengthA354 Specification for Quenched and Tempered Alloy SteelBolts,Studs,and Other Externally Threaded FastenersA449 Specification for Hex Cap Screws,Bolts and Studs,Steel,Heat Treated,120/105/90 ksi Minimum TensileStrength,General UseA490 Specification for Structural Bolts,Alloy S
8、teel,HeatTreated,150 ksi Minimum Tensile StrengthE4 Practices for Force Verification of Testing MachinesE1685 Practice for Measuring the Change in Length ofFasteners Using the Ultrasonic Pulse-Echo TechniqueF1470 Practice for Fastener Sampling for Specified Me-chanical Properties and Performance Ins
9、pectionF1789 Terminology for F16 Mechanical Fasteners3.Terminology3.1 Terms used in this specification are defined in Termi-nology F1789,unless otherwise specified herein.3.2 Definitions:3.2.1 calibration of accuracy lotlot shall consist of allload-indicating fasteners processed essentially together
10、through all operations to the shipping container that are of thesamenominalsize,thesamenominallength,andmanufactured/calibrated from the same mill heat of steel.Thislot is used for the purpose of assigning an identification numberand from which calibrated samples shall be selected.3.2.2 load-indicat
11、ing fastenerexternally threaded fastenerequipped with a load indicating device capable of measuringfastener tension during the tightening process or residualtension after tightening,or both.4.Classification4.1 This specification covers the following four differenttypes of load-indicating fasteners:4
12、.1.1 Mechanical Dial Type(MT)This type of fastenerincorporates a dial on the head of the bolt or end of the stud thatcontinuously displays the tension in the fastener.4.1.2 Electronic Type(ET)This type of fastener employsan electronic measuring device attached to the head or end toobtain readings in
13、dicating the tension in the fastener.4.1.3 Strain Gauge Type(ST)This type of fastener incor-porates a bonded device wired in a wheatstone bridge configu-ration which,through changes in relative resistance,reportstension in the fastener.4.1.4 Ultrasonic Type(UT)This type of fastener incorpo-rates an
14、acoustic coupling device using pulse-echo technique1This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F16 onFasteners and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F16.02 on Steel Bolts,Nuts,Rivets and Washers.Current edition approved May 1,2015.Published August 2015.Originallyapprov
15、ed in 2005.Last previous edition approved in 2008 as F248208.DOI:10.1520/F2482-08R15.2For referenced ASTM standards,visit the ASTM website,www.astm.org,orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org.For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information,refer to the standards Document Summary page
16、onthe ASTM website.*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standardCopyright ASTM International,100 Barr Harbor Drive,PO Box C700,West Conshohocken,PA 19428-2959.United States1 capable of converting time-of-flight(TOF)measurements intoexisting fastener tension.4.2 Various grades are listed in Table 1.5.Ordering Information5.1 Orders for load indicating fasteners shall include thefollowing:5.1.1 Quantity;5.1.2 Size,including nominal diameter,thread pitch andlength;5.1.3 Head styl
