1、 AUTOMATED ANALYZERSAND QUALITY CONTROLFOR THE PETROLEUM INDUSTRYA symposiumpresented at a meeting ofCommittee D-2 onPetroleum Products and LubricantsAMERICAN SOCIETY FORTESTING AND MATERIALSHouston,Tex.,1 Dec.,1966ASTM SPECIAL TECHNICAL PUBLICATION NO.428List price$3.50;30 per cent discount to memb
2、erspublished by theAMERICAN SOCIETY FOR TESTING AND MATERIALS1916 Race Street,Philadelphia,Pa.19103 BY AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR TESTING AND MATERIALS 1968Library of Congress Catalog Card Number:67-26103NOTEThe Society is not responsible,as a body,for the statements and opinionsadvanced in this publicati
3、on.Printed in Baltimore,Md.March,1968J ForewordThe papers in the Symposium on Automated Analyzers and QualityControl for the Petroleum Industry were presented at a meeting ofASTM Committee D-2 on Petroleum Products and Lubricants held inHouston,Tex.,1 Dec.1966.The symposium chairman was W.E.Chalfant
4、,The Atlantic Richfield Co.RelatedASTM PublicationsSignificance of Tests of Petroleum Products,STP 7B(1934),$3.00Hydrocarbon Analysis,STP 389(1965),$8.50Methods for Emission Spectrochemical Analysis(E-2),1964,$16.00Manual on Recommended Practices in Spectropho-tometry(E-13),1966,$3.50 ContentsIntrod
5、uction 1Instrumentation for Quality Assurance in Refineriesw.v.CROPPER 3Advanced Process Chromatograph and Modern Petroleum PlantAnalysis and Control RequirementsT.c.WHERRY 16Automatic Blending and Inspection of Lubricating Oils at the Refin-eryC.A.NEILSON 24In-Line Gasoline Blending Trends,Economic
6、s,and the Use of Con-tinuous Analyzers for Quality ControlB.G.CRANE 31Quality Assurance in Petroleum Pipeline Transfer OperationsR.c.MASON 43Quality Assurance in Jet Fuel Transfer OperationsI.T.FRITZ 49General Discussion 60 This page intentionally left blank IntroductionThere has been a rapid growth
7、 in the use of automated analyzers inthe petroleum industry.Their application has been primarily for controlof processes such as pipestilling,catalytic cracking,reforming,andvarious other refinery operations.Many of these processes manufactureonly product components which need to be properly blended
8、 to meetfinal product specifications.The concurrent growth of continuous blend-ing of finished products,which is far more efficient than batch blending,also makes automated analyzers a necessary tool for final product qualitycontrol.Until now,little thought has been given to the standardization ofau
9、tomated analyzers as a means of assuring(and at times certifying)the quality of final products.Where such analyzers are being applied,final quality reliance has continued to be placed largely on the existingASTM methods.These are primarily laboratory techniques for measur-ing quality.Little has been
10、 done by ASTM to provide standard methodsbased on automated equipment.Recognition of this deficiency led ASTM Committee D-2 on PetroleumProducts and Lubricants to appoint an ad hoc committee to study thisproblem and to recommend appropriate actions.The ad hoc committeesponsored a symposium to draw o
11、ut the experience of refiners and pipe-liners who are faced with this need.It was presented to D-2 members at ameeting in Houston,Texas,on 1 Dec.,1966.The publication of thesepapers is intended to stimulate the thinking of engineers,operators,andquality control people in the petroleum industry,in ot
12、her process in-dustries,and in the pipline transportation field.It is believed that the ex-change of such information will ultimately lead to the proper solutionto this problem.Subsequent to the symposium this committee recommended to the D-2Committee of ASTM that work be initiated to prepare standa
13、rd methodsfor calibration and use of the following continuous instrumental methods:octane(both research and motor),reid vapor pressure,distillation,andgas chromatography for liquid propane.This was assigned to three re-search committees of D-2 who are responsible for the respective labora-tory metho
14、ds.1 2 AUTOMATED ANALYZERSMembers of the ad hoc Committee who organized the symposium are:W.E.Chalfant,Chairman;W.V.Cropper;A.B.Kent;V.J.Tkac;J.F.Hickerson;I.T.Fritz;and T.J.Kehoe.W.E.ChalfantManager,Product Quality Dept.,The Atlantic Richfield Co.,Philadelphia,Pa.;symposiumchairman.W.V.CroppedInstr
15、umentation for Quality Assurance ofPetroleum ProductsREFERENCE:Cropper,W.V.,Instrumentation for Quality Assuranceof Petroleum Products,Automated Analyzers and Quality Control forthe Petroleum Industry,ASTM STP 428,American Society for Testingand Materials,1968,pp.3-15.ABSTRACT:Methods employing adva
16、nced or automated instrumentsare being used for evaluating product quality in many laboratories andplants of the petroleum industry.More than half of the 166 ASTM testson products have instrumental counterparts;31 standards allow the useof such instruments.Instrumental methods have proliferated becausethey are economical of manpower;they are generally more precise butmore restricted in scope than the conventional methods.When non-standard instrumental methods are used for approval testing of pro
