1、Designation:F223014Standard Guide forIn-situ Burning of Oil Spills on Water:Ice Conditions1This standard is issued under the fixed designation F2230;the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or,in the case of revision,the year of last revision.A number i
2、n parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.Asuperscript epsilon()indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1.Scope1.1 This guide addresses in-situ burning as a response toolfor oil spills occurring on waters with ice present.1.2 There are several methods of control
3、 or cleanup ofspilled oil.In-situ burning,mechanical recovery,dispersantapplication or natural recovery are the usual options available.1.3 The purpose of this guide is to provide the user withgeneral information on in-situ burning in ice conditions as ameans of controlling and removing spilled oil.
4、It is intended asa reference to plan an in-situ burn of spilled oil.1.4 This guide outlines procedures and describes someequipment that can be used to accomplish an in-situ burn in iceconditions.The guide includes a description of typical icesituations where in-situ burning of oil has been found to
5、beeffective.Other standards address the general guidelines for theuse of in-situ burning(Guide F1788),the use of ignitiondevices(Guide F1990),the use of fire-resistant boom(GuideF2152),the application of in-situ burning in ships(GuideF2533),and the use of in-situ burning in marshes(GuideF2823).1.5 I
6、n making in-situ burn decisions,appropriate govern-ment authorities should be consulted as required by law.1.6 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded asstandard.No other units of measurement are included in thisstandard.1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concern
7、s,if any,associated with its use.It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory requirements prior to use.Specific precau-tionary information is given in Section 8.Guide F1788addresses operatio
8、nal considerations.2.Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2F1788 Guide for In-Situ Burning of Oil Spills on Water:Environmental and Operational ConsiderationsF1990 Guide for In-Situ Burning of Spilled Oil:IgnitionDevicesF2152 Guide for In-Situ Burning of Spilled Oil:Fire-Resistant BoomF2533 Guide
9、for In-Situ Burning of Oil in Ships or OtherVesselsF2823 Guide for In-Situ Burning of Oil Spills in Marshes3.Terminology3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.1.1 brash icefloating ice fragments less than 2 m across.3.1.2 close pack icepack ice with concentration of 7/10 to8/10(fractio
10、n of a whole).3.1.3 fast iceice attached to the shoreline.3.1.4 fire-resistant boom(FR)boom designed to containburning oil(Guide F2152).3.1.5 fracture or leadany break or rupture through veryclose pack ice,compact pack ice,fast ice,or a single floe.3.1.6 frazil or grease iceice crystals forming on s
11、urface ofwater,ice,or melt pools.3.1.7 fresh oiloil recently spilled,remaining un-weatheredand un-emulsified.3.1.8 ice coveragea combination of ice pans,ice chunks,bergy bits covering 10%to near 100%coverage of watersurface,more accurately described using other terms in thissection such as close pac
12、k ice,open water,and so forth.3.1.9 in-situ-burningburning of oil directly on the watersurface.3.1.10 melt poolsaccumulations of melt water on thesurface of ice during thawing.3.1.11 open drift iceice concentration of 4/10 to 6/10.3.1.12 open waterless than 1/10 ice concentration.1This guide is unde
13、r the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F20 on HazardousSubstances and Oil Spill Responseand is the direct responsibility of SubcommitteeF20.15 on In-Situ Burning.Current edition approved Nov.1,2014.Published December 2014.Originallyapproved in 2002.Last previous edition approved in 2008 as F2230 08.DO
14、I:10.1520/F2230-14.2For referenced ASTM standards,visit the ASTM website,www.astm.org,orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org.For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information,refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.Copyright ASTM International,100 Barr Harbor Dr
15、ive,PO Box C700,West Conshohocken,PA 19428-2959.United States1 3.1.13 residuethe material,excluding airborne emissions,remaining after the oil stops burning.3.1.14 rotten icesea ice that has become honeycombedand is disintegrating.3.1.15 very close pack icepack ice with concentration of9/10 to 10/10
16、.3.1.16 very open drift iceice concentration of 1/10 to 3/10.4.Significance and Use4.1 This guide is meant to aid local and regional spillresponse teams during spill response planning and spill events.5.General Considerations for Making In-situ BurnDecisions5.1 For marine spills of oil in ice conditions,in-situ burningshould be given equal consideration with other spill counter-measures and may be the best available technology for iceconditions.In some cases,in-situ burning may be the onlypracti
