1、Designation:F174496(Reapproved 2016)Standard Guide forCare and Handling of Stainless Steel Surgical Instruments1This standard is issued under the fixed designation F1744;the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or,in the case of revision,the year of las
2、t revision.A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.Asuperscript epsilon()indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1.Scope1.1 This guide is intended to provide a better understandingof the care of stainless steel surgical instruments intended forreuse.
3、This guide is not intended for use with electrical,pneumatic or other powered surgical instruments.2.Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2F899 Specification for Wrought Stainless Steels for SurgicalInstrumentsF921 Terminology Relating to Hemostatic ForcepsF1026 Specification for General Workmansh
4、ip and Perfor-mance Measurements of Hemostatic ForcepsF1078 Terminology for Surgical ScissorsInserted andNon-Inserted BladesF1079 Specification for Inserted and Noninserted SurgicalScissorsF1089 Test Method for Corrosion of Surgical InstrumentsF1325 Specification for Stainless Steel Suture NeedleHol
5、ders-General Workmanship Requirements and Corre-sponding Test Methods3.General3.1 Stainless Steel TypesThe stainless steels most used aremartensitic and austenitic types such as those in SpecificationF899.Martensitic stainless steel contains iron,chromium,andsufficient carbon so that when it is hard
6、ened by heat treatment,a substantial martensitic structure is the result.Austeniticstainless steel has better corrosion resistance and contains iron,chromium,and nickel.It has a substantial austenitic structureand a lower carbon content.Although it cannot be hardened byheat treatment,it can be work-
7、hardened.3.2 PassivationStainless steel can spot,stain,and corrode.This is minimized by passivation which is a process used tocreate a protective chromium oxide surface layer while remov-ing surface carbon and iron.This is accomplished in theatmosphere slowly or through immersion in oxidizing soluti
8、onor through an electro-polish process.Through repeated pro-cessing the passivation layer will thicken until a good protec-tive film is formed.3.2.1 Never expose instruments to strong acids such ashydrochloric,aqua regia,dilute sulphuric,carbonic,and tar-taric.3.2.2 Avoid contact with salt solutions
9、 such as aluminumchloride,mercury salts,and stannous chloride.Also avoidcontact with potassium thiocyanate and potassium permangan-ate and limit contact with iodine solutions to periods of lessthan 1 h.3.2.3 Chloride-bearing solutions such as blood and salinecan cause localized corrosion.Avoid prolo
10、nged exposure to orrinsing in saline solutions or corrosion and pitting will occur.Use demineralized or distilled water instead.Place instrumentsinto water,an enzymatic solution,or a disinfectant bathimmediately after use so the blood or other material will notdry on them prior to transport to the d
11、esignated cleaning/reprocessing area.4.General Care of Instruments4.1 GeneralUse instruments only for their intendedpurpose,such as cutting,holding,clamping,retracting,and soforth.Avoid undue stress or strain when handling and cleaning.Standard terminology relating to Hemostatic Forceps andSurgical
12、Scissors are found in Terminology F921 and Termi-nology F1078.4.1.1 Hemostatic ForcepsThese forceps are designed toclamp blood vessels.They should not be used to clamp towels,suction tubing,or as needle holders or pliers.Misuse generallyresults in misalignment and even cracked box locks.4.1.2 Needle
13、 HoldersAlthough designed to withstandsome force,they are not to be used as pliers,jaw misalignmentsbeing the result.Select a needle holder matching the sizeneedle being used.4.1.3 ScissorsDo not use scissors for the wrong job,otherwise,the tips will become misaligned and the blades willdull or chip
14、.Delicate scissors should be particularly guardedagainst misuses.Use tissue scissors for tissue dissections only,not for cutting suture material or wires.1This guide is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F04 on Medical andSurgical Materials and Devices and is the direct responsibility of Subco
15、mmitteeF04.33 on Medical/Surgical Instruments.Current edition approved Oct.1,2016.Published October 2016.Originallyapproved in 1997.Last previous edition approved in 2008 as F1744 96(2008)1DOI:10.1520/F1744-96R16.2For referenced ASTM standards,visit the ASTM website,www.astm.org,orcontact ASTM Custo
16、mer Service at serviceastm.org.For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information,refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.Copyright ASTM International,100 Barr Harbor Drive,PO Box C700,West Conshohocken,PA 19428-2959.United States1 4.1.4 Microsurgical InstrumentsMicrosurgical instru-ments are most susceptible to damage through misuse or roughhandling.Consequently,extra care must be taken to avoidcompromising their exacting performance.To minimizedamage,the following shou
