1、Designation:F178814Standard Guide forIn-Situ Burning of Oil Spills on Water:Environmental andOperational Considerations1This standard is issued under the fixed designation F1788;the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or,in the case of revision,the yea
2、r of last revision.A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.Asuperscript epsilon()indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1.Scope1.1 This guide covers the use of in-situ burning to assist inthe control of oil spills on water.This guide is not applicab
3、le toin-situ burning of oil on land.1.2 The purpose of this guide is to provide information thatwill enable spill responders to decide if burning will be used aspart of the oil spill cleanup response.Other standards addressthe use of ignition devices(Guide F1990),the use of fire-resistant boom(Guide
4、 F2152),the use of burning in iceconditions(Guide F2230),the application of in-situ burning inships(Guide F2533),and the use of in-situ burning in marshes(Guide F2823).1.3 This is a general guide only.It is assumed that condi-tions at the spill site have been assessed and that theseconditions are su
5、itable for the burning of oil.It is also assumedthat permission to burn the oil has been obtained fromappropriate regulatory authorities.Variations in the behavior ofdifferent oil types are not dealt with and may change some ofthe parameters noted in this guide.1.4 The values stated in SI units are
6、to be regarded asstandard.No other units of measurement are included in thisstandard.1.4.1 ExceptionAlternate units are included in 7.5,7.7,and 7.8.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns,if any,associated with its use.It is theresponsibility of the user of this stand
7、ard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2.Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2F1990 Guide for In-Situ Burning of Spilled Oil:IgnitionDevicesF2152 Guide for In-Situ Burning of Spilled Oil:Fire-Resistant Boom
8、F2230 Guide for In-situ Burning of Oil Spills on Water:IceConditionsF2533 Guide for In-Situ Burning of Oil in Ships or OtherVesselsF2823 Guide for In-Situ Burning of Oil Spills in Marshes3.Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 burn effciencyburn efficiency is the percentage ofthe oil removed from the wat
9、er by the burning.3.1.1.1 DiscussionBurn efficiency is the amount(volume)of oil before burning;less the volume remaining as a residue,divided by the initial volume of the oil.3.1.2 burn ratethe rate at which oil is burned in a givenarea.3.1.2.1 DiscussionTypically,the area is a pool and burnrate is
10、the regression rate of the burning liquid,or may bedescribed as a volumetric rate.3.1.3 contact probabilitythe probability that oil will becontacted by the flame during burning.3.1.4 controlled burningburning when the combustioncan be started and stopped by human intervention.3.1.5 fire-resistant bo
11、omsbooms intended for containmentof burning oil slicks(Guide F2152).3.1.6 in-situ burninguse of burning directly on the watersurface.3.1.6.1 DiscussionIn-situ burning does not include incin-eration techniques,whereby oil or oiled debris are placed intoan incinerator.1This guide is under the jurisdic
12、tion of ASTM Committee F20 on HazardousSubstances and Oil Spill Responseand is the direct responsibility of SubcommitteeF20.15 on In-Situ Burning.Current edition approved March 1,2014.Published March 2014.Originallyapproved in 1997.Last previous edition approved in 2008 as F1788 08.DOI:10.1520/F1788
13、-14.2For referenced ASTM standards,visit the ASTM website,www.astm.org,orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org.For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information,refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.Copyright ASTM International,100 Barr Harbor Drive,PO Box C700
14、,West Conshohocken,PA 19428-2959.United States1 3.1.7 residuethe material,excluding airborne emissions,remaining after the oil stops burning.4.Significance and Use4.1 This guide is primarily intended to aid decision-makersand spill-responders in contingency planning,spill response,and training.4.2 T
15、his guide is not specific to either site or type of oil.5.Background5.1 Overview of Oil Burning:5.1.1 In-situ burning is one of several oil-spill countermea-sures available.Other countermeasures could include mechani-cal recovery,use of oil-spill dispersants,and leaving the oil tonatural processes.5
16、.1.2 In-situ burning is combustion at the spill site withoutremoving the oil from the water.Containment techniques maybe used,however,to increase the thickness of the oil(GuideF2152).The thickness of the oil slick is an important factor inthe use of in-situ burning.5.2 Major Advantages and Disadvantages of In-situ Burn-ing:5.2.1 Advantages of in-situ burning include the following:5.2.1.1 Rapid removal of oil from the water surface,5.2.1.2 Requirement for less equipment and labor thanmany other t
