1、Designation:F70696(Reapproved 2011)Standard Practice forDetermination of Fusion Temperature of Dry ElectrostaticHeat-Fixing Toners1This standard is issued under the fixed designation F706;the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of originaladoption or,in the case of revisi
2、on,the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.Asuperscriptepsilon()indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1.Scope1.1 This practice covers a procedure that is used to deter-mine the fusion temperature of dry electrostatic heat-f
3、ixingtoners using a micro hot stage.1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns,if any,associated with its use.It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitat
4、ions prior to use.See Section 7 forspecific precautionary statements.2.Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D2117 Test Methods for Carbon BlackSurface Area byNitrogen Adsorption(Withdrawn 1999)3F335 Terminology Relating to Electrostatic Imaging3.Terminology3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to Thi
5、s Standard:3.1.1 fusion pointin a dry electrostatic heat fixing toner,the minimum temperature at which the solid material starts toexhibit a plastic flow.4.Significance and Use4.1 Dry electrostatic heat-fixing toners may be composed ofpolymer binders,black pigments,and other such additives thatare n
6、ecessary for the proper performance for the use intended,particularly in those copiers using heat-fusing techniques forimage fixing.Toners characteristically do not have a sharpmelting point but instead exhibit a broad temperature range ofmelting.4.2 The user should be aware that the fusion point is
7、 one ofseveral physical characteristics of certain heat-fixing toners.Similar fusion temperature results obtained through this prac-tice on two different toners(between lots or from one manu-facturer to another)should not be considered a guarantee ofequal performance characteristics when subsequentl
8、y utilizedin a copier.5.Apparatus5.1 Micro Hot Stage and Microscope,controlled,of 40 to50 power4or suitable alternative.56.Materials6.1 Test Reagent Set,containing substances with knownmicromelting points for checking the accuracy of the micro hotstage thermometer.67.Precautions7.1 The user should b
9、e aware that not all heat-fixing tonersexhibit a uniform plastic flow.Some toners will exhibit a rapidinitial plastic flow while other toners may exhibit a slower,gradual plastic flow.8.Sampling8.1 The dry toner to be tested should be free of any clumpsof toner.Should any clumps of toner be present
10、that cannot bebroken up under the gentle pressure of a spatula,reject thetoner sample and choose another.1This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F05 on BusinessImaging Products and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F05.04 onElectrostatic Imaging Products.Current edition
11、 approved Oct.1,2011.Published March 2012.Originallyapproved in 1981.Last previous edition approved in 2006 as F70696(2006).DOI:10.1520/F0706-96R11.2For referenced ASTM standards,visit the ASTM website,www.astm.org,orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org.For Annual Book of ASTMStandards v
12、olume information,refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced onwww.astm.org.4The sole source of supply of the apparatus(Kofler Micro Hot Stage)known tothe committee at this time is Arthur H.Thomas Co.,Philadelp
13、hia,PA.(Allequipment necessary for this test,including the microscope and the variabletransformer,are included.)If you are aware of alternative suppliers,please providethis information to ASTM International Headquarters.Your comments will receivecareful consideration at a meeting of the responsible
14、technical committee,1whichyou may attend.5The Fisher-Johns instrument or the Mettler FP-2,operated in accordance withthe manufacturers instructions and used with a microscope of 40 to 50 power hasbeen found suitable for use.6The sole source of supply of the apparatus known to the committee at this t
15、imeisArthur H.Thomas Co.,Philadelphia,PA.If you are aware of alternative suppliers,please provide this information to ASTM International Headquarters.Your com-ments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of the responsible technicalcommittee,1which you may attend.Copyright ASTM Internationa
16、l,100 Barr Harbor Drive,PO Box C700,West Conshohocken,PA 19428-2959.United States1 9.Calibration9.1 The micro hot stage apparatus and the thermometershould be checked regularly with test reagents having knownmelting points.To ensure maximum accuracy,record at leastthree readings over the range of the thermometer.Make acalibration chart using a minimum of three readings and plotthe actual reading obtained against the correct temperaturefound for the thermometer used.9.2 The dial of the heat contr
