1、Designation:F214818Standard Practice forEvaluation of Delayed Contact Hypersensitivity Using theMurine Local Lymph Node Assay(LLNA)1This standard is issued under the fixed designation F2148;the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or,in the case of revi
2、sion,the year of last revision.A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.Asuperscript epsilon()indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1.Scope1.1 This practice provides a methodology to use a combi-nation of in vivio and in situ procedures for the eval
3、uation ofdelayed contact hypersensitivity reactions.1.2 This practice is intended to provide an alternative to theuse of guinea pigs for evaluation of the ability of a devicematerial to stimulate delayed contact hypersensitivity reac-tions.This alternative is particularly applicable for materialsuse
4、d in devices that contact only intact skin.However,theguinea pig maximization test is still the recommended methodwhen assessing the delayed hypersensitivity response to metalsor when testing substances that do not penetrate the skin but areused in devices that contact deep tissues or breached surfa
5、ces.This practice may be used for testing metals,with the excep-tion of nickel-containing metals,unless the unique physico-chemical properties of the materials may interfere with theability of LLNA to detect sensitizing substances.1.3 This practice consists of a protocol for assessing anincrease in
6、lymphocyte proliferation in the lymph nodesdraining the site of test article administration on the ears ofmice.1.4 The LLNA has been validated only for low-molecular-weight chemicals that can penetrate the skin.The absorbedchemical or metabolite must bind to macromolecules,such asproteins,to form im
7、munogenic conjugates.1.5 This practice is one of several developed for theassessment of the biocompatibility of materials.Practice F748may provide guidance for the selection of appropriate methodsfor testing materials for a specific application.1.6 Identification of a supplier of materials or reagen
8、ts is forthe convenience of the user and does not imply a single source.Appropriate materials and reagents may be obtained frommany commercial supply houses.1.7 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded asstandard.No other units of measurement are included in thisstandard.1.8 This standard do
9、es not purport to address all of thesafety concerns,if any,associated with its use.It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety,health,and environmental practices and deter-mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.9 This international s
10、tandard was developed in accor-dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-ization established in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of International Standards,Guides and Recom-mendations issued by the World Trade Organization TechnicalBarriers to Trade(TBT)Committee.2.Re
11、ferenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2F619 Practice for Extraction of Medical PlasticsF720 Practice for Testing Guinea Pigs for ContactAllergens:Guinea Pig Maximization TestF748 Practice for Selecting Generic Biological Test Methodsfor Materials and DevicesF750 Practice for Evaluating Material Extra
12、cts by SystemicInjection in the Mouse2.2 Other Documents:3ICCVAM NIH Publication No:99-4494 The Murine LocalLymph Node Assay,1999ICCVAM NIH Publication No:10-7512 Test Method Evalu-ation Report on Using the Murine Local Lymph NodeAssay for Testing Pesticide Formulations,Metals,Sub-stances in Aqueous
13、 Solutions,and Other Products,2010ICCVAM NIH Publication NO:11-7709 Usefulness andLimitations of the Murine Local Lymph Node Assay forPotency Categorization of Chemicals Causing AllergicContact Dermatitis in Humans1This practice is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee F04 on Medical andSurgical M
14、aterials and Devices and is the direct responsibility of SubcommitteeF04.16 on Biocompatibility Test Methods.Current edition approved Dec.1,2018.Published February 2019.Originallyapproved in 2001.Last previous edition approved in 2013 as F2148 13.DOI:10.1520/F2148-18.2For referenced ASTM standards,v
15、isit the ASTM website,www.astm.org,orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org.For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information,refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3Available from NICEATM,NIEHS,79 Alexander Dr.,Mail Drop EC-17,Research Triangle Park,NC 27709.Cop
16、yright ASTM International,100 Barr Harbor Drive,PO Box C700,West Conshohocken,PA 19428-2959.United StatesThis international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of International Standards,Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade(TBT)Committee.1 3.Terminology3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.1.1 AOO,nacet
