: D 4691 02 ASTM D19 D 19.05 . . 10 , 2002. 2002. D 469187. D 469196. D 4691; , , ( ), . . () .1. 1.1 . , , , , . ; .1.2 , - . , . , , . , . , D 3919 , , ( D 2972) ( D 3859), ( D 3223).1.3 - . .1.4 ( ), . ( ) . . 9.2. 2.1 ASTM:D 1129 ASTM, 11.01.D 1192 2 D 1193 2 D 2972 2 D 3223 2 D 3370 2D 3859 2 D 3919 2 D 4453 2 D 5810 2 D 5847 ASTM, 11.02 E 178 ASTM, 14.02 E 520 ASTM, 03.06E 863 - 53. 3.1 :3.1.1 , , . D 1129.3.2 , :3.2.1 , (. ) (T) 10. A = Iog10(l/T) = -log10 T.3.2.2 , (.) (A) (b) (c). a = A/bc.3.2.3 , (.) , . , .3.2.4 ,(.)
