1、 宾语从句小结一、 明确三种类型 宾语从句根据其引导词的不同可分为三种类型： 1. 由连词that引导的宾语从句，如：He said (that) it was Sunday yesterday. 2. 由连词if/whether引导的宾语从句，如： Could you tell me if /whether there will be a test next week3. 由 which, when等连接代词或连接副词引导的宾语从句，如： I dont know how I can get there. 二、 理顺三个步骤 把两个单句组成含有宾语从句的复合句时，合并变化应遵循以下三个步骤：
2、1. 确定引导词 根据从句的句子类型选择正确的引导词。假设从句为陈述句，那么引导词为that(that在口语中常省略)；假设从句是一般疑问句、选择疑问句或反意疑问句，那么引导词为if或whether；假设从句是特殊疑问句，那么引导词由疑问词转化而来的疑问代词/副词。 2. 调整语序 宾语从句永远是陈述句语序。假设原句是疑问句式，那么应将它调整为陈述句语序。如： 1) Is he going to the shopI want to know.(改为含宾语从句的复合句) I want to know if/whether he is going to the shop. 2) When does
3、 he get upDo you know(改为含宾语从句的复合句) Do you know when he gets up 3. 变换时态 A. 假设主句谓语动词是一般现在时或一般将来时，宾语从句可根据实际情况选用所需要的任何时态。如： 1) He says (that) he will finish the work tomorrow. 2) I think (that) they have already gone to Beijing. B. 假设主句谓语动词是一般过去时，那么宾语从句动词的时态用过去时的某种形式如：一般过去时、过去进行时、过去完成时、过去将来时等。如： 1) She
4、asked if/whether he was leaving for Shanghai soon. 2) He said (that) they had a very good journey. 另外，还需考虑标点的使用和人称的变化。 A. 带宾语从句的主从复合句的标点由主句来决定。假设主句是陈述句，那么用句号；假设主句是疑问句，那么用问号。如： 1) When do we arriveWe dont know.(改为含宾语从句的复合句) We dont know when we arrive. 2) What time does the ship leaveDo you know(改为含宾
5、语从句的复合句) Do you know what time the ship leaves B. 需变为宾语从句的句子的主语如果是第一人称，那么随主句的主语变主句主语是第几人称，那么宾语从句的主语变为第几人称；如果是第二人称，那么随主句的宾语变主句宾语是第几人称，那么宾语从句的主语变为第几人称；如果是第三人称，那么不要变宾语从句的主语仍用第三人称。如： 1) Shall I go there He asked me. (改为含宾语从句的复合句) He asked me if/whether he would go there. 2) Will you go there He asked me
6、. (改为含宾语从句的复合句) He asked me if/whether I would go there. 3) Will she go there He asked me. (改为含宾语从句的复合句) He asked me if/whether she would go there. 三、 加强三点注意 1. 时态不变 当宾语从句的内容是客观事实或科学真理等时，不管主句是什么时态，从句都用一般现在时态。如： The earth goes around the sun.The teacher said.(改为宾语从句) The teacher said (that) the earth
7、 goes around the sun. 2. “两副面孔 if和when等既能引导宾语从句，又能引导状语从句。因此，碰到此种情况要认真分析看它们属于“两副面孔的哪一种。当从句表示将来时, 假设引导的是宾语从句，它们的时态常用一般将来时；假设引导的是状语从句，它们的时态常用一般现在时代替一般将来时。如： 1) I dont know if/when he will come tomorrow.(宾语从句) 2) If/When he comes, hell tell you about it.(状语从句) 3. 从句的简化 A. 当主句谓语动词为hope, wish, decide, cho
8、ose, agree等，且主句与从句主语相同时，从句可简化为不定式结构。如： He agreed that he could help me with my English. He agreed to help me with my English. B. 当主句谓语动词为hear, see, watch等感官动词时，从句常简化为“宾语+宾补结构，宾补为不带to的不定式或v-ing形式。如： I heard that some children sang / were singing some songs. I heard some children sing/singing some son
9、gs. C. 在连接代/副词引导的宾语从句中，当从句主语与主句主语或间接宾语相一致时，宾语从句可简化为“连接代/副词+不定式结构。如： I dont know what I should do. I dont know what to do.宾语从句练习题 ( ) 1 The girls asked if they _ some food and drink with them. A. took B. take C. takes D. will take( ) 2 The students want to know whether they_ dictation today. A. had B
10、. has . C. will have D. are( ) 3 She asked Linda if_ go and get some. A. could she B. she could C. she can D. she may( ) 4 Linda said the moon_ round the earth. A. travelled B. has travelled C. travels D. had travelled( ) 5 Can you tell me_ you were born, Betty A. who B. what C. when D. that( ) 6 I
11、dont know _ they have passed the exam. A. what B. if C. when D. where( ) 7 She didnt know_ back soon. A. whether he would be B. if would he be C. he will be( ) 8 I dont know _ he still lives here after so many years. A. whether B where C. what D.when( ) 9 Do you know _ they listened to yesterday eve
12、ning A. what B when C why D how( ) 10 He asked me _told me the accident. A whom B which C who D whose3( ) 11.They dont know _their parents are. A that B what C why D which( ) 12.Please tell me _ last year. A.where does your sister work B where did your sister work C where your sister works D where y
13、our sister worked( ) 13.She asked me if I knew _. A. whose pen is it B. whose pen it was C. whose pen it is D. whose pen was it( ) 14. You must remember _. A. what your mother said B. what did your mother say C. your mother said what D. what has your mother said( ) 15 Did you know _ A. who he was lo
14、oking after B. who was he looking for C. who he is looking for D. who he is looking after( ) 16 Could you tell me _ A. when will they leave Beijing B. when would they leave Beijing C. when they will leave Beijing D. when did they leave Beijing( )17. I dont know _ the day after tomorrow. A. when does he come B. how will he come C. if he comes D. whether hell come (
