1、第 43 卷第 1 期2023 年 1 月Vol.43,No.1Jan.,2023环境科学学报Acta Scientiae Circumstantiae20152021年广州地区近地面O3浓度污染特征及其与气象因素关系陆杰英1,余锐2,范绍佳3,5,*,孙丽颖1,吴健达1,王春林4,51.广州市增城区气象局,广州 5113002.佛山市三水区气象局,佛山 5281003.中山大学大气科学学院,珠海 5190824.广州市气候与农业气象中心,广州 5114305.广东省环珠江口气候环境与空气质量变化野外科学观测研究站,广州 510275摘要:利用20152021年广州地区近地面逐时臭氧(O3)观
2、测资料及同期地面气象站常规观测数据,分析了广州地区近地面O3浓度污染特征及其与气象因素的关系.结果表明:20152021年广州地区O3浓度呈缓慢上升趋势,增速为1.9 gm-3a-1,2015和2019年O3浓度超标天数 最多;O3平均浓度季节变化明显:秋季冬季夏季春季;O3浓度空间分布不均匀,城郊地区高于中心城区;峰值中心位于城郊地区白云区,低值中心位于中心城区荔湾区.O3浓度高峰期是710月,9月浓度最高,3月浓度最低;四季O3浓度日变化均呈“单峰型”结构,最低值出现在7:008:00,14:0016:00达到峰值.近地面O3平均浓度和O3超标率均与气温呈正比,当气温15 开始出现臭氧超标
3、现象.相对湿度50%时,O3超标率与相对湿度呈正比;相对湿度为40%50%时,O3超标率达峰值为16.3%.当风速2 ms-1时,O3超标率与风速呈正比;当风速 2 ms-1时,O3超标率与风速呈反比.高温、低湿、风小是广州地区产生高浓度O3的主要气象因子.关键词:广州地区;臭氧浓度;分布特征;气象条件文章编号:0253-2468(2023)01-0032-10 中图分类号:X511,X16 文献标识码:ACharacteristics of near-surface O3 pollution and its relationship with meteorological factors i
4、n Guangzhou from 2015 to 2021LU Jieying1,YU Rui2,FAN Shaojia3,5,*,SUN Liying1,WU Jianda1,WANG Chunlin4,51.Meteorological Bureau of Zengcheng City,Guangzhou 5113002.Meteorological Bureau of Sanshui City,Foshan 5281003.School of Atmospheric Sciences,Sun Yat-Sen University,Zhuhai 5190824.Guangzhou Clim
5、ate and Agrometeorology Center,Guangzhou 5114305.Field Scientific Observation and Research Station of Climate Environment and Air Quality Change in the Pearl River Estuary,Guangzhou 510275Abstract:Using the hourly near-surface ozone(O3)observation data in Guangzhou from 2015 to 2021 and the regular
6、observation data from surface meteorological stations in the same period,the pollution characteristics of near-surface O3 concentration in Guangzhou and its relationship with meteorological factors were analyzed.The results indicate that the O3 concentration in Guangzhou depict a gradual increasing
7、trend from 2015 to 2021,with a growth rate of 1.9 gm-3a-1.The year of 2015 and 2019 are characterized by the largest number of days with O3 concentration exceeding the standard level.The average O3 concentration shows both seasonal and spatial variations:autumn winter summer spring;suburban area cen
8、tral urban area.The O3 concentration reached peak values in September,whereas the valley values occurred in March.The O3 high concentration center is located in the suburban area(Baiyun District),while the low values occur in the central urban area(Liwan District).The diurnal variation of O3 concent
9、ration shows a prominent single peak structure,with the lowest values appearing at 07:0008:00 and 14:00 Peak at 16:00.The variation of O3 concentration is sensitive to air temperature,relative humidity,and wind speed.The average concentration of O3 near the ground is DOI:10.13671/j.hjkxxb.2022.0411陆
10、杰英,余锐,范绍佳,等.2023.20152021年广州地区近地面O3浓度污染特征及其与气象因素关系 J.环境科学学报,43(1):32-41LU Jieying,YU Rui,FAN Shaojia,et al.2023.Characteristics of near-surface O3 pollution and its relationship with meteorological factors in Guangzhou from 2015 to 2021 J.Acta Scientiae Circumstantiae,43(1):32-41收稿日期:2022-09-01 修回日期
11、:2022-10-19 录用日期:2022-11-15基金项目:广东省科技计划项目(科技创新平台类)(No.2019B121201002)作者简介:陆杰英(1982),女,E-mail:;*责任作者,E-mail:1 期陆杰英等:20152021年广州地区近地面O3浓度污染特征及其与气象因素关系positively dependent to the air temperature:the rate of O3 exceeding the standard level is frequently accompanied by air temperature that higher than 15
12、.The rate of O3 exceeding the standard level also varies substantially with relative humidity.When the relative humidity is less than 50%,the O3 excess rate is proportional to the relative humidity;when the relative humidity is between 40%and 50%,the O3 excess rate reaches a peak value of 16.3%.When
13、 the wind speed is less than 2 ms-1 the excess rate of O3 is positive correlated to the wind speed,while when the wind speed is greater than 2 ms-1,the excess rate of O3 is negative correlated to the wind speed.Overall,high temperature,low humidity,and weak wind conditions are the main meteorologica
14、l factors that responsible for the high concentrations of O3 in Guangzhou.Keywords:Guangzhou area;ozone concentration;distribution characteristics;meteorological conditions1引言(Introduction)近年来我国臭氧(O3)污染问题突出(Mazzeo et al.,2005;吴兑,2013),科研人员在北京、上海、珠三角、兰州、南京、陕西等地均关注到高浓度O3问题(姚小红等,1999;Wang et al.,2003;高
15、东峰等,2007;陆克定等,2010;陈仁杰等,2010;廖志恒等,2015).目前,O3污染问题已成为大气环境领域的研究热点.O3是由人类活动所排放的NOx、VOCS、CO等污染物在大气中经过光化学过程所产生的(吴兑等,2015a;2015b),其浓度与相关前体物浓度、气象条件等因素有着密切关系(叶芳等,2008;安俊琳等,2009;洪盛茂等,2009;唐贵谦等,2010;Li et al.,2017;黄俊等,2018).目前,较多学者研究了O3与气象要素的关系,如孙睿等(2021)采用Pearson相关系数研究了长三角区域典型城市臭氧时空分布及其与气象因素的相关性;还有学者利用耦合观测数据
16、和数值模式分析了珠三角地区O3浓度变化特征,并探讨了O3前体物与气象条件对其浓度的影响(王雪梅等,2001;2003;陆克定等,2010;邓雪娇等,2011;张浩月等,2014;廖志恒等,2015);黄俊等(2018)基于整年多点位逐小时监测数据分析了广州市1年内O3变化规律及其关键气象因子.广州地处珠江三角洲中北缘,是西江、北江、东江三江汇合处,也是粤港澳、珠三角都市圈的核心城市.为深入探究广州市近年臭氧污染特征及其气象因素影响,本文利用20152021年广州市21个环保国控站点的O3浓度及其对应气象要素的逐时观测数据,从O3浓度的变化特征、气象条件的影响等方面进行分析,以期为广州市空气质量预报预警、臭氧污染治理及防治工作提供科学决策依据.2数据与方法(Data and methods)2.1数据资料本研究使用的O3观测资料来源于广州市环境监测中心站点共享资料,监测站点分别是广州市各行政区的21个环保国控站,具体站点如表1所示,定义位于荔湾、海珠、越秀、天河的站点为中心城区站点,位于 白云、黄埔、番禺、花都、南沙、从化、增城的站点为城郊地区站点.数据内容为20152021年O3 1