1、65心理月刊2022年 第24期 Vol.17接纳承诺疗法对多动症患儿家长负性情绪的疗效评价王静 裘江瑜 陈银萍 侯广伟 鲁娜波 陈益青*余姚市第三人民医院,浙江 宁波 315400 摘要 目的 分析多动症患儿家属负性情绪,探索接纳承诺疗法干预在改善家属负性情绪方面的应用价值。方法 本次试验研究样本选取为本院2019年1月2022年1月收治的62例符合国际疾病精神与行为障碍分类(第10版)多动症612岁患儿家长的样本,本研究根据采用患者健康问卷抑郁症量表(PHQ-9)、广泛性焦虑量表(GAD-7)、接纳与行动问卷第二版(AAQ-)和认知融合问卷(CFQ-F)量表对所选择人群进行测试分析,采用综
2、合评估和心理测评管理系统进行统计分析,对多动症患儿家长心理状态的变化与严重程度进行评估和导致因素进行分析,采用接纳承诺疗法对多动症患儿家长负性情绪进行干预和指导,分析负性情绪改善情况。正态计量资料采用 t 检验,计数资料采用 x2 检验。结果 家属负性情绪问卷结果显示自觉有经济压力者46例,生活有改变者50例,自觉影响家庭和睦者34例,情绪有变化者43例,自觉有愧疚感者25例;2635岁人员对负性情绪项目更为敏感,组间对比P0.05;男性各项负性情绪敏感度小于女性,P0.05;而学历负性情绪对比差别无统计学意义,P0.05。在给予家属接纳承诺疗法干预后,PHQ-9、GAD-7、AAQ-以及CF
3、Q-F的评分相较于干预前均有所下降。结论 多动症患儿家属负性情绪以自觉有经济压力、生活有改变、自觉影响家庭和工作、情绪有变化、自觉有愧疚感为主,应加强对其着重关注,为家属开展接纳承诺疗法进行干预和疏导,可进一步消除家属负性情绪。关键词 接纳承诺疗法;多动症患儿;负性情绪;家属;干预措施 中图分类号 R473.72 文献标识码 A doi:10.19738/ki.psy.2022.24.019Evaluation of the efficacy of acceptance commitment therapy on negative emotions in parents of children
4、 with ADHDWANG Jing,QIU Jiangyu,CHEN Yinping,HOU Guangwei,LU Nabo,CHEN Yiqing*Yuyao Third Peoples Hospital,Ningbo 315400,ChinaAbstractObjective To analyze the negative emotions of family members of children with ADHD and explore the application value of acceptance commitment therapy intervention in
5、improving the negative emotions of family members.Methods The study samples were selected from 62 parents of children with ADHD aged 612 years who were admitted to our hospital from January 2019 to January 2022 in accordance with the 10th edition of the International Classification of Mental and Beh
6、avioral Disorders(ICD-10).In this study,the patien health questionnaire(PHQ-9),generalized anxiety disorde-7(GAD-7),acceptance and action questionnaire-the second version(AAQ-)and cognitive fusion questionnaire(CFQ-F)were used to test and analyze the selected population.Comprehensive assessment and
7、psychological assessment management system were used for statistical analysis.The change and severity of mental state of parents of children with ADHD were evaluated and the leading factors were analyzed.Acceptance commitment therapy was used to intervene and guide the negative emotions of parents o
8、f children with ADHD,and the improvement of negative emotions was analyzed.The t test was used for normal measurement data and x2 test was used for counting data.Results The negative emotion questionnaire showed that 46 cases had financial pressure,50 cases had life changes,34 cases had influence on
9、 family harmony,43 cases had mood changes and 25 cases had guilt.People aged 26 to 35 were more sensitive to negative emotional items,P0.05;the negative emotional sensitivity of male was lower than that of female,P0.05;there was no significant difference in negative emotion of educational background
10、,P0.05.After the family acceptance commitment therapy intervention,the scores of PHQ-9,GAD-7,AAQ-and CFQ-F decreased compared with before the intervention.Conclusion The negative emotions of family members of ADHD children are mainly economic pressure,life changes,influence on family and work,mood c
11、hanges,and guilt.We should pay more attention to them,and carry out acceptance commitment therapy intervention and guidance for family members,which can further eliminate the negative emotions of family members.Key wordsacceptance commitment therapy;children with ADHD;negative emotions;family member
12、s;interventions注意缺陷多动障碍(attention deficit and hyperactive disorder,ADHD)好发于12岁以下儿童,患儿多表现为注意力不集中、活泼好动、不听指挥、行为多动,并存在冲动行为,患儿的情绪发展、人际交流、学习以及环境适应等出现障碍。根据相关流行病学报告显示1,全球ADHD患儿的发病率可达到3%8%。ADHD患儿家长因照顾患儿,承受着经济、心理等压力,而ADHD儿童容易出现紧张、压抑、恐惧和焦虑情绪,并可导致或加剧多动冲动和注意力缺陷的发生,因此尽早明确ADHD患儿家属负性情绪,并积极给予其有效、针对且规范的干预措施十分必要。接纳承诺疗
13、法(acceptance and commitment therapy,ACT)是一种经验性行为治疗方法,通过正念、接纳、认知解离、明确价值以及承诺行动等多种方法,对患者的负性心理进行改善2。而在新冠肺炎期间,难以组织患儿家属进行面对面的接纳承诺疗法活动,因此,本次试验采取线上活动。本研究选取62例ADHD患儿家属展开分析,了解家属负性情绪并提出针对性干预措施,给予ADHA患儿家属线上ACT干预,对选择人群在干预前后予心理测评与统计分析,制定团体训练方案,对多动症家长负性情绪作出干预与指导。详文报道如下。1 资料与方法1.1 一般资料本次试验研究样本选取为本院2019年1月2022年1月间收治
14、的62例多动症612岁患儿家属。ADHD患儿家属年龄2641岁,平均年龄为 30.261.57 岁;40例女性,占比65.00%,25例男性,占比35.00%,初中学历20例,占比作者简介:王静(1979.02-),女,本科,副主任护师,研究方向:青少年心理问题、亲子沟通问题、个人心理成长、成人及青少年抑郁症、焦虑症的情绪疏导通讯作者:陈益青(1980.04-),女,本科,副主任医师,研究方向:亲子关系、青少年情绪管理、儿童和青少年学习问题、成人睡眠障碍、焦虑、抑郁情绪障碍等心理领域66心理月刊2022年 第24期 Vol.1732.26%;高中学历21例,占比33.87%:大专及以上21例,
15、占比33.87%,所有家属均签署同意书。本研究经伦理委员会审批通过(审批号:RM-202001)。纳入标准:符合国际疾病精神与行为障碍分类(第10版)多动症612岁患儿家长的样本;认知功能正常能够有效沟通者。排除标准:患儿家属近3个月内出现其他生活应激事件;合并认知障碍或严重精神疾病者;突发事件影响导致终止研究者。1.2 方法由于疫情原因本次接纳承诺疗法在线上进行,基于接纳承诺疗法的心理病理模型为依据,了解多动症患儿家属心理发展特点,并采用接纳承诺疗法进行干预,1次/周,1.5 h/次,共计4周,具体的接纳承诺疗法干预方案如下表1。表1 接纳承诺治疗干预方法时间主题活动目标活动过程ACT技能第
16、1周破冰,初识ACT建立安全、融洽的团体氛围;明确团体目标、规范;团体成员了解ACT。姓名接龙;制定团体规范并签订契约;介绍团体和ACT理念;家庭作业:应对策略表。接触当下第2周理解情绪增加对情绪控制策略的了解,体验控制是无效的。隐喻(推文件夹、在流沙中挣扎、与怪兽拔河);正念呼吸;分享总结;家庭作业(复习)。创造性无望,接纳第3周僵化思维的分离,灵活的关注当下使用解离技术削弱言语、思维对行动的控制;准确把握当下此刻,增加效能感和满足感。正念呼吸;简要回顾;隐喻(时间机器、抛锚);铁钦纳式重复:牛奶、牛奶、牛奶;正念冥想(随溪漂流的落叶);分享总结;家庭作业(复习)。接触当下,认知解离第4周澄清价值观,立足当下,展望未来明确价值,承诺行动;处理团体离别情绪,鼓励成员团体外的行动坚持。解读价值观表格,分享一路走过的感想;隐喻(指南针、结婚和爱的差别);承诺行动-制定目标-处理故障;临别赠言;指导者总结鼓励,宣布团体解散。价值概述,承诺行动注:ACT为接纳承诺疗法通过发放一般资料调查问卷、患者健康问卷抑郁量表(patien health questionnaire,PHQ-9)、广泛性焦虑