1、PhotoDisci-01-LBF-861749 8/23/04 10:50 AM Page iEarth Materialsand ProcessesThe eruption column aboveMount St.Helens,Washington,as it exploded on May 18,1980,rose thousands of feetskyward and drifted down-wind,dumping dark,gray ashover eastern Washington andbeyond.The eruption lasted nine hours,but
2、the landscapewas changed within moments.Send all inquiries to:Glencoe/McGraw-Hill8787 Orion PlaceColumbus,OH 43240-4027ISBN:0-07-861749-9Printed in the United States of America.2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 027/043 09 08 07 06 05 04Copyright 2005 by The McGraw-Hill Companies,Inc.All rights reserved.Except as p
3、ermitted underthe United States Copyright Act,no part of this publication may be reproduced or distributed in anyform or by any means,or stored in a database or retrieval system,without prior written permission of the publisher.The National Geographic features were designed and developed by the Nati
4、onal Geographic SocietysEducation Division.Copyright National Geographic Society.The name“National Geographic Society”and the Yellow Border Rectangle are trademarks of the Society,and their use,without prior writtenpermission,is strictly prohibited.The“Science and Society”and the“Science and History
5、”features that appear in this book weredesigned and developed by TIME School Publishing,a division of TIME Magazine.TIME and the redborder are trademarks of Time Inc.All rights reserved.PhotoDisci-01-LBF-861749 8/23/04 10:50 AM Page iiCONTENT William C.Keel,PhDDepartment of Physics andAstronomyUnive
6、rsity of Alabama Tuscaloosa,ALRobert NiersteScience Department HeadHendrick Middle School,Plano ISDPlano,TXMATH Michael Hopper,DEngManager of Aircraft Certification L-3 CommunicationsGreenville,TXTeri Willard,EdDMathematics Curriculum WriterBelgrade,MTREADING Carol A.Senf,PhDSchool of Literature,Com
7、munication,and CultureGeorgia Institute of TechnologyAtlanta,GASAFETY Aileen Duc,PhDScience 8 TeacherHendrick Middle School,Plano ISDPlano,TXSandra West,PhDDepartment of BiologyTexas State University-San MarcosSan Marcos,TXACTIVITY TESTERS Nerma Coats HendersonPickerington Lakeview Jr.HighSchoolPick
8、erington,OHMary Helen Mariscal-CholkaWilliam D.Slider Middle SchoolEl Paso,TXScience Kit and BorealLaboratoriesTonawanda,NYFiiiAuthorsSeries ConsultantsLois BurdetteGreen Bank Elementary-Middle SchoolGreen Bank,WVMarcia ChackanPine Crest SchoolBoca Raton,FLMary FerneauWestview Middle SchoolGoose Cre
9、ek,SCAnnette DUrso GarciaKearney Middle SchoolCommerce City,CONerma Coats HendersonPickerington Lakeview Jr.High SchoolPickerington,OHSharon MitchellWilliam D.Slider Middle SchoolEl Paso,TXJoanne StickneyMonticello Middle SchoolMonticello,NYSeries ReviewersEducation DivisionWashington,D.C.Ralph M.Fe
10、ather Jr.,PhDAssistant ProfessorGeoscience DepartmentIndiana University of PennsylvaniaIndiana,PADinah ZikeEducational ConsultantDinah-Might Activities,Inc.San Antonio,TXi-01-LBF-861749 8/23/04 10:51 AM Page iiiWhy do I need my science book?Have you ever been in class andnot understood all of what w
11、aspresented?Or,you understoodeverything in class,but at home,got stuck on how to answer aquestion?Maybe you just wondered when you were evergoing to use this stuff?These next few pages are designed to help you understand everything your science book can be used for.besides a paperweight!Before You R
12、eadChapter OpenerScience is occurring all around you,and the opening photo of each chapter will preview thescience you will be learning about.The ChapterPreview will give you an idea of what you will belearning about,and you can try the Launch Lab tohelp get your brain headed in the right direction.
13、TheFoldables exercise is a fun way to keep you organized.Section OpenerChapters are divided into two to foursections.The As You Read in the margin of the firstpage of each section will let you know what is mostimportant in the section.It is divided into four parts.What Youll Learn will tell you the
14、major topics youwill be covering.Why Its Important will remind youwhy you are studying this in the first place!TheReview Vocabulary word is a word you already know,either from your science studies or your prior knowl-edge.The New Vocabulary words are words that youneed to learn to understand this se
15、ction.These wordswill be in boldfaced print and highlighted in thesection.Make a note to yourself to recognize thesewords as you are reading the section.John Evansi-01-LBF-861749 8/23/04 10:51 AM Page ivAs You ReadHeadingsEach section has a titlein large red letters,and is furtherdivided into blue t
16、itles andsmall red titles at the begin-nings of some paragraphs.To help you study,make anoutline of the headings andsubheadings.MarginsIn the margins ofyour text,you will find many helpfulresources.The Science Online exercises andIntegrate activities help you explore the topicsyou are studying.MiniLabs reinforce the sci-ence concepts you have learned.Building SkillsYou also will find anApplying Math or Applying Science activityin each chapter.This gives you extra prac-tice using your new knowled
