1、interactivestudenteditionContents Ensure Regents Exam Success.NY2NY3New York Field Trips.NY4NY5Correlations The Living Environment Core Curriculum to Glencoe Science:The Living Environment.NY6NY22 Glencoe Science:The Living Environment to The Living Environment Core Curriculum.NY23NY25New York Labor
2、atory Checklist.NY26NY27Problem-Based Learning.NY28NY32(bkgd)Sandra Baker/Alamy Images,(inset)Arco Images/Alamy Images(bkgd)Sandra Baker/Alamy Images,(inset)Arco Images/Alamy ImagesNY01-NY32_Tip-In_875715.indd NY1NY01-NY32_Tip-In_875715.indd NY16/23/06 9:15:48 AM6/23/06 9:15:48 AMGlencoe Science:The
3、 Living Environment offers a variety of features that will prepare you for the Regents Exam.There are references to the standards cov-ered and assessment pages that include Regent Exam Review with formatted questions for more practice on Part A,B,C,&D of the Regents Exam.Keys to SuccessCorrelations
4、are placed throughout each chapter that identify the standard,key idea,and the performance indicator covered.NY2 Glencoe Science:The Living EnvironmentRegents Exam PracticeEach chapter wraps up with Regent Exam practice.These questions will assess your knowledge of the Living Environment Core Curric
5、ulum.Section 1Cell Discovery and Theory?The invention of the microscope led to the discovery of cells.Section 2The Plasma Membrane?The plasma membrane helps to maintain a cells homeostasis.Section 3Structures and Organelles?Eukaryotic cells contain organelles that allow the specialization and the se
6、paration of functions within the cell.Section 4Cellular Transport?Cellular transport moves substances within the cell and moves substances into and out of the cell.BioFacts About ten trillion cells make up the human body.The largest human cells are about the diameter of a human hair.The 200 differen
7、t types of cells in the human body come from just one cell.180HUMAN SKINHUMAN SKIN CELLS2?102mmCellular Structure and FunctionHUMAN SKIN CELLS2?101mmHUMAN SKIN2 mmLiving Environment Standard 4 Key Idea 1:Living things are both similar to and different from each other and from nonliving things.Key Id
8、ea 5:Organisms maintain a dynamic equilibrium that sustains life.Also covers:St 1 K1:1.1a,1.1b,1.1c,1.2a;K2:2.4;K3:3.1,3.1a,3.3,3.5b180-181_C7CO_875715.indd1805/10/069:27:19 AM5/10/06 9:27:19 AMSection 3 Structures and Organelles 191Structures and Organelles?Eukaryotic cells contain organelles that
9、allow the specialization and the separation of functions within the cell.Real-World Reading Link Suppose you start a company to manufacture hiking boots.Each pair of boots could be made individually by one person,but it would be more efficient to use an assembly line.Similarly,eukaryotic cells have
10、specialized structures that perform specific tasks,much like a factory.Cytoplasm and CytoskeletonYou just have investigated the part of a cell that functions as the boundary between the inside and outside environments.The environment inside the plasma membrane is a semifluid material called cytoplas
11、m.In a prokary-otic cell,all of the chemical processes of the cell,such as breaking down sugar to generate the energy used for other functions,take place directly in the cytoplasm.Eukaryotic cells perform these processes within organelles in their cytoplasm.At one time,scientists thought that cell o
12、rganelles floated in a sea of cytoplasm.More recently,cell biologists have discovered that organelles do not float freely in a cell,but are supported by a structure within the cytoplasm simi-lar to the structure shown in Figure 7.8.The cytoskeleton is a supporting network of long,thin protein fibers
13、 that form a framework for the cell and provide an anchor for the organelles inside the cells.The cytoskeleton also has a function in cell movement and other cellular activities.The cytoskeleton is made of substructures called microtubules and microfilaments.Microtubules are long,hollow protein cyli
14、nders that form a rigid skeleton for the cell and assist in moving substances within the cell.Microfilaments are thin protein threads that help give the cell shape and enable the entire cell or parts of the cell to move.Microtubules and micro-filaments rapidly assemble and disassemble and slide past
15、 one another.This allows cells and organelles to move.Objectives Identify the structure and function of the parts of a typical eukaryotic cell.Compare and contrast structures of plant and animal cells.Review Vocabularyenzyme:a protein that speeds up the rate of a chemical reactionNew Vocabularycytop
16、lasmcytoskeletonribosomenucleolusendoplasmic reticulumGolgi apparatus vacuolelysosomecentriolemitochondrionchloroplastcell wallciliumflagellum Figure 7.8Microtubulesand microfilaments make up the cytoskeleton.Section7 7.3 3?CytoskeletonLiving Environment St 4 K1:1.2i Inside the cell a variety of specialized structures,formed from many different molecules,carry out the transport of materials(cytoplasm),extraction of energy from nutrients(mitochondria),protein building(ribosomes),waste disposal(ce
