1、 IEC/TR 61292-6Edition 1.0 2010-02TECHNICAL REPORT Optical amplifiers Part 6:Distributed Raman amplification IEC/TR 61292-6:2010(E)LICENSED TO MECON LIMITED-RANCHI/BANGALORE,FOR INTERNAL USE AT THIS LOCATION ONLY,SUPPLIED BY BOOK SUPPLY BUREAU.THIS PUBLICATION IS COPYRIGHT PROTECTED Copyright 2010 I
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10、NSED TO MECON LIMITED-RANCHI/BANGALORE,FOR INTERNAL USE AT THIS LOCATION ONLY,SUPPLIED BY BOOK SUPPLY BUREAU.IEC/TR 61292-6Edition 1.0 2010-02TECHNICAL REPORT Optical amplifiers Part 6:Distributed Raman amplification INTERNATIONAL ELECTROTECHNICAL COMMISSION TICS 33.160.10;33.180.30 PRICE CODEISBN 2
11、-8318-1081-7 Registered trademark of the International Electrotechnical Commission LICENSED TO MECON LIMITED-RANCHI/BANGALORE,FOR INTERNAL USE AT THIS LOCATION ONLY,SUPPLIED BY BOOK SUPPLY BUREAU.2 TR 61292-6 IEC:2010(E)CONTENTS FOREWORD.4 INTRODUCTION.6 1 Scope.7 2 Normative references.7 3 Abbrevia
12、ted terms.8 4 Background.8 4.1 General.8 4.2 Raman amplification process.8 4.3 Distributed vs.lumped amplification.10 4.4 Tailoring the Raman gain spectrum.10 4.5 Forward and backward pumping configuration.11 4.6 Typical performance of DRA.12 5 Applications of distributed Raman amplification.13 5.1
13、General.13 5.2 All-Raman systems.13 5.3 Hybrid EDFA Raman systems.14 5.3.1 Long repeaterless links.14 5.3.2 Long span masking in multi-span links.15 5.3.3 High capacity long haul and ultra-long haul systems.15 6 Performance characteristics and test methods.15 6.1 General.15 6.2 Performance of the Ra
14、man pump module.16 6.2.1 Pump wavelengths.16 6.2.2 Pump output power.16 6.2.3 Pump degree-of-polarization(DOP).17 6.2.4 Pump relative intensity noise(RIN).17 6.2.5 Insertion loss.17 6.2.6 Other passive characteristics.18 6.3 System level performance.18 6.3.1 On-off signal gain.18 6.3.2 Gain flatness
15、.19 6.3.3 Polarization dependant gain(PDG).20 6.3.4 Equivalent noise figure.20 6.3.5 Multi-path interference(MPI).20 7 Operational issues.21 7.1 General.21 7.2 Dependence of Raman gain on transmission fibre.21 7.3 Fibre line quality.22 7.4 High pump power issues.22 7.4.1 Laser safety.23 7.4.2 Damage
16、 to the fibre line.23 8 Conclusions.24 Bibliography.25 LICENSED TO MECON LIMITED-RANCHI/BANGALORE,FOR INTERNAL USE AT THIS LOCATION ONLY,SUPPLIED BY BOOK SUPPLY BUREAU.TR 61292-6 IEC:2010(E)3 Figure 1 Stimulated Raman scattering process(left)and Raman gain spectrum for silica fibres(right).9 Figure 2 Distributed vs.lumped amplification.10 Figure 3 The use of multiple pump wavelengths to achieve flat broadband gain.11 Figure 4 Simulation results showing pump and signal propagation along an SMF sp
