1、保鲜与加工Storage and Process2023,23(0):00-00加工研究钙盐结合糖溶液渗透脱水处理对四种小浆果反复冷冻融化品质的影响谢浩鹏1,2,3,刘帮迪2,3,郭雪霞2,3,焦文晓3,4,赵韩栋3,4,江利华1,3,*(1.河北工程大学生命科学与食品工程学院,河北邯郸056038;2.农业农村部规划设计研究院,北京100125;3.农业农村部产地初加工重点实验室,北京100121;4.齐鲁工业大学食品科学与工程学院,山东济南250353)摘要:为了探究钙盐结合糖溶液渗透脱水冻结处理对不同小浆果反复冻融后品质的影响,选用草莓、蓝莓、枸杞和沙棘4种小浆果作为研究对象,设置-18
2、 普通缓慢冻结为对照组,钙盐结合糖溶液渗透脱水处理和糖溶液渗透脱水理后-18 冷冻为处理组,定期测定4种小浆果在经过3次冷冻-解冻循环过程后的色泽、质地和生物活性物质指标。结果表明:4种小浆果均不耐反复冻融,超过2次的冻融会严重损坏小浆果的食用加工品质;钙盐结合糖溶液渗透脱水处理可显著降低4种小浆果的细胞膜透性和汁液流失,果实硬度也有明显的提升,并较好地保留了果实色泽和外观品质;钙盐结合糖溶液渗透脱水处理对果实的抗坏血酸等生物活性物质有较好的保护作用,在前2次冻融循环中,草莓、蓝莓和沙棘的总酚含量有明显的提高;钙盐结合糖溶液渗透脱水处理也可抑制4种小浆果的多酚氧化酶和过氧化物酶活性,减少冻融过
3、程中氧化所致的褐变现象,保护浆果品质;与-20 普通缓慢冻结相比,糖溶液渗透脱水处理对小浆果的相关质地品质也具有一定的保护作用,但其效果比钙盐结合糖溶液渗透脱水处理弱。关键词:小浆果;冷冻贮藏;钙盐结合糖溶液渗透脱水冻结;贮藏品质;反复冻融Effects of Osmotic Dehydration of Calcium Salt Combined with SugarSolution on the Quality of Four Small Berries after Repeated Freeze-thawingXIE Hao-peng1,2,3,LIU Bang-di2,3,GUO Xu
4、e-xia2,3,JIAO Wen-xiao3,4,ZHAO Han-dong3,4,JIANG Li-hua1,3,*(1.College of Life Science and Food Engineering,Hebei University of Technology,Handan 056038,China;2.Academy of Agricultural Planning and Engineering,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Beijing 100125,China;3.Key Laboratory of Agro-pr
5、oducts Postharvest Handling,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Beijing100121,China;4.College of Food Science and Engineering,Qilu University of Technology,Jinan 250353,China)Abstract:In order to explore the effects of osmotic dehydration freezing treatment of calcium salt combined with sugars
6、olution on the quality of different small berries after repeated freezing-thawing,strawberry,blueberry,wolfberry and基金项目:农业农村部产地初加工重点实验室开放课题(KLAPPP2022-02);农业农村部规划设计研究院科技创新团队建设项目(CXTD-2021-08);农业农村部规划设计研究院自主研发项目(QX202114)作者简介:谢浩鹏(1998),男,汉族,硕士在读,研究方向:果蔬冷冻加工贮藏技术。*通信作者:江利华,博士,讲师,研究方向:食品加工与安全。保鲜研究2023,
7、23(7):8-18保鲜与加工Storage and Process8投稿平台:2023年第7期谢浩鹏,等:钙盐结合糖溶液渗透脱水处理对四种小浆果反复冷冻融化品质的影响小浆果泛指果实较小且多汁的一类由子房或联合其他花器发育成柔软多汁的小型肉质果,主要包括草莓、蓝莓、树莓、枸杞、黑加仑、沙棘等。由于它们普遍含有较高的生物活性物质并且具有独特的酸甜口味,逐渐成为食品加工业的热门果蔬加工原料1。随着市场需求量的增大,我国小浆果已经逐渐从局部种植的特色水果变成大面积推广的主要经济作物。但小浆果产收季节较为集中,采收时受夏秋季高温影响,采后呼吸作用、果实表皮水分残留和微生物均易导致果实腐烂,贮藏周期极短
8、2。因此全年加工的小浆果企业需要对浆果原料进行冷冻贮藏,以此来最大限度地保持原料品质。然而,目前-20 传统冷冻和-38 以下低温速冻两种冷冻技术虽然能够达到延长果蔬原料贮藏期的目的,但由于果蔬细胞含水量高,缓速冷冻和低温速冻过快均会对细胞造成不可逆的机械损伤,造成融化后的果实外观品质劣变和生物活性物质损失3-5。渗透脱水冷冻(Osmotic-dehydration freezing)作为一种新型果蔬冷冻技术,能通过降低水分含量提高冻结速率,减少大型尖状冰晶形成,保护物料的组织结构,进而减缓理化品质的下降6-7。但若使用不当,脱水预处理的小浆果在冷冻融化后仍然存在质地、色泽劣变和生物活性物质被
9、破坏的问题。因此亟需将其他提升果蔬品质的技术协同应用于脱水冷冻,以提升小浆果的贮藏品质。在发酵、干燥等果蔬加工领域大量研究表明,钙盐处理能够靶向性地提升果蔬质地品质。钙盐进入果蔬细胞后,可以与果蔬细胞内的果胶相结合,形成以氢键相连的果胶钙物质,稳定果蔬细胞壁结构,抵抗在加工过程中由理化因素导致的果蔬质地瘫软现象。因此,将钙盐处理与糖溶液渗透脱水冷冻技术相结合,有助于保护小浆果的细胞壁结构,缓解冷冻解冻对小浆果的破坏。本研究以4种小浆果为试材,研究钙盐结合糖溶液渗透脱水技术对4种小浆果反复冻融后品质的影响,以期为解决果蔬冷冻加工行业中,蓝莓、草莓、枸杞、沙棘等小浆果原料贮藏时不耐冷冻问题提供理论
10、依据。1材料与方法1.1材料与设备1.1.1材料与试剂蓝莓:品种为蓝丰蓝莓,购于山东烟台;草莓:品种为红颜草莓,购于北京;沙棘:品种为中国沙棘,购于山西吕梁;枸杞:品种为宁夏枸杞,购于宁夏中宁。果糖-葡萄糖溶液,广州双桥有限公司;抗坏血中图分类号:S663.9DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1009-6221.2023.07.002文献标识码:Asea buckthorn were selected as the research objects.The normal slow freezing at-20 was set as the control group,the osmotic
11、 dehydration treatment of calcium salt combined with sugar solution and the freezing at-20 after sugarsolution osmotic dehydration were set as the treatment group.The color,texture and bioactive substance indexes offour kinds of small berries were determined regularly after three freeze-thawing cycl
12、es.The results showed that thefour kinds of small berries were not resistant to repeated freeze-thawing,and more than two freeze-thawing cycleswould seriously damage the edible processing quality of small berries.The osmotic dewatering treatment with calcium salt in sugar solution significantly redu
13、ced the cell membrane permeability and juice loss of the four small berries,improved the fruit hardness significantly,and preserved the fruit color and appearance quality better.The osmotic dewatering treatment of calcium salt combined with sugar solution had a better protective effect on the bioact
14、ivesubstances such as ascorbic acid in fruits,and significantly increased the total phenol content of strawberry,blueberry and sea buckthorn during the first two freeze-thaw cycles.Calcium salt combined with sugar solution can also inhibit the activities of polyphenol oxidase and peroxidase of the f
15、our small berries,reduce the browning phenomenoncaused by oxidation during freeze-thaw process,and protect the quality of the berries.Compared with the normalslow freezing at-20,the osmotic dehydration of sugar solution also had a certain protective effect on the relatedtexture and quality of small
16、berries,but its effect was weak calcium salt combined with the osmotic dehydration ofsugar solution.Key words:small berries;frozen storage;calcium salt combined with sugar solution osmosis dehydration freeze;storage quality;repeated freeze-thaw9保鲜与加工Storage and Process联系邮箱:2023年第7期酸检测试剂盒、植物总酚检测试剂盒,南京建成生物工程研究所;碳酸钙、氯化钙、丙酸钙均为食品级,河南万邦实业有限公司;聚乙烯吡咯烷酮(PVP)、愈创木酚、Triton X-100、过氧化氢溶液、磷酸二氢钠、邻苯二酚、二硫苏糖醇(DTT)均为分析纯,北京试剂有限公司;无水乙醇、冰乙酸均为分析纯,上海麦克林生化科技有限公司。1.1.2仪器与设备LQ-C5002实验室精密电子天平,深圳市飞亚衡器有限公司;TGL-16gR高速冷冻离心机,上海安