1、第 32 卷第 4 期Vol.32,No.4161-1722023 年 4 月草业学报ACTA PRATACULTURAE SINICA张振粉,黄荣,姚博,等.欧美进口紫花苜蓿可培养种带细菌及其对动植物的致病性.草业学报,2023,32(4):161172.ZHANG Zhen-fen,HUANG Rong,YAO Bo,et al.Culturable seed-borne bacteria of lucerne imported from Europe and North America and theirpathogenicity to plants and animals.Acta P
2、rataculturae Sinica,2023,32(4):161172.欧美进口紫花苜蓿可培养种带细菌及其对动植物的致病性张振粉1,2*,黄荣1,2,姚博1,2,张旺东3,杨成德4,陈秀蓉4(1.甘肃农业大学草业学院,甘肃 兰州 730070;2.草业生态系统教育部重点实验室,中-美草地畜牧业可持续发展研究中心,甘肃 兰州 730070;3.甘肃农业大学动物医学院,甘肃 兰州 730070;4.甘肃农业大学植物保护学院,甘肃 兰州 730070)摘要:为了探究进口紫花苜蓿种带细菌的多样性及其对动植物的致病性,本研究从北美和欧洲共收集到紫花苜蓿种子样品 34份,所有样品经室内研磨稀释分离培养
3、,共获得 39株种带细菌分离物,结合常规表型特征及 16S rDNA 鉴定方法确定它们的分类地位;并在室内采用菌悬液皿内发芽及盆栽接种法和腹腔注射法分别测定了 21株代表细菌对供试紫花苜蓿和昆明小鼠的致病性。结果显示:1)39株细菌隶属 3门 15属,门分别为厚壁菌门、变形菌门和放线菌门,其中优势门为厚壁菌门;属地位的分别为芽孢杆菌属、假单胞菌属、马赛菌属、短芽孢杆菌属、欧文氏菌属、泛菌属、不动杆菌属、肠杆菌属、埃希氏肠杆菌属、假芽孢杆菌属、假节杆菌属、红球菌属、葡萄球菌属、土壤芽孢杆菌属和微杆菌属,其中优势属为芽孢杆菌属和假单胞菌属。2)红球菌属 GCKH 菌株仅对紫花苜蓿致病;不动杆菌属Z
4、SR17、埃希氏肠杆菌属 ZSR25和马赛菌属 R1菌株仅对小鼠具有致病性;而欧文氏菌属 ZF1和 ZS3、泛菌属 CQ10和 ZS6菌株既可以引起紫花苜蓿致病,又可以引起小白鼠发病,是潜在的植物和动物跨界侵染共致病病原细菌。研究结果初步探明了欧美进口紫花苜蓿种带细菌的分类地位及其危害性,为综合防控这一类通过牧草种子携带的植物和动物独立致病细菌,以及植物和动物跨界侵染共致病病原细菌的侵入和传播奠定了理论依据。关键词:紫花苜蓿;种带细菌;多样性;植物和动物跨界共患;病原细菌Culturable seed-borne bacteria of lucerne imported from Europe
5、 and NorthAmerica and their pathogenicity to plants and animalsZHANG Zhen-fen1,2*,HUANG Rong1,2,YAO Bo1,2,ZHANG Wang-dong3,YANG Cheng-de4,CHEN Xiu-rong41.College of Pratacultural Science,Gansu Agricultural University,Lanzhou 730070,China;2.Key Laboratory of GrasslandEcosystem,Ministry of Education,S
6、ino-U.S.Center for Grassland Ecosystem Sustainability,Lanzhou 730070,China;3.College ofVeterinary Medicine,Gansu Agricultural University,Lanzhou 730070,China;4.College of Plant Protection,Gansu AgriculturalUniversity,Lanzhou 730070,ChinaAbstract:To explore the diversity of seed-borne bacteria of imp
7、orted alfalfa(Medicago sativa)and theirpathogenicity to animals and plants,34 samples of lucerne seeds imported from North America and Europe werecollected and analyzed.After Petri-dish isolation and culture,39 seed-borne bacterial isolates were obtained.Thetaxonomic status of the bacterial isolates
8、 was determined through observations of phenotypic characteristics and 16SDOI:10.11686/cyxb2022311http:/收稿日期:2022-08-02;改回日期:2022-09-05基金项目:国家自然科学基金(32060369;31460639),兰州市人才创新创业项目(2019-RC-116),2020年度陇原创新创业人才项目,甘肃农业大学青年导师基金项目(GAU-QDFC-2019-08)和甘肃省杰出青年基金(20JR10RA562)资助。作者简介:张振粉(1984-),男,福建霞浦人,副教授,博士。E
9、-mail: 通信作者 Corresponding author.Vol.32,No.4ACTA PRATACULTURAE SINICA(2023)rDNA amplicon sequencing.Twenty-one representative strains with potential pathogenicity were selected forevaluation in a plant model(alfalfa,M.sativa)and an animal model(mouse,Mus musculus).Petri-dishes test andpot experiment
10、s were performed to study the impact of the bacterial isolates on alfalfa plants.The mouse infectionmodel consisted of intraperitoneal injection of a bacterial suspension(109CFU mL-1)at a dose of 0.1 mL 10 g-1.We found that the alfalfa seeds harbored a diverse community of bacteria.These bacterial i
11、solates were grouped in 39morphospecies that corresponded to three phyla and 15 genera.Out of 39 isolates,24(61.54%)were Gram positiveand 15(38.46%)Gram negative.Among them,Firmicutes was the predominant phylum observed in all groups andBacillus was the dominant genus.The results of pathogenicity te
12、sts showed that bacterial strain GCKH(Rhodococcus sp.)was only pathogenic to alfalfa while ZSR17(Acinetobacter sp.),ZSR25(Escherichia sp.),and R1(Massilia sp.)were pathogenic to mice.Notably,ZF1(Erwinia sp.),ZS3(Erwinia sp.),CQ10(Pantoea sp.),and ZS6(Pantoea sp.)could cause disease in both alfalfa a
13、nd mouse hosts,indicating that they arepotential co-pathogenic bacteria capable of cross-kingdom infection.The results provide a preliminary overview ofthe taxonomic status of seed-borne bacteria carried by lucerne seeds imported from Europe and America and thepotential harmfulness of these bacteria
14、l strains.These findings lay a theoretical foundation for the integratedmanagement and prevention of the invasion and transmission of the plant-pathogenic,animal-pathogenic,or co-pathogenic bacteria on forage seeds that have the potential to cause infections in plants and animals.Key words:lucerne;s
15、eed-borne bacteria;diversity;cross-kingdom co-pathogen of plants and animals;pathogenicbacteria紫花苜蓿(Medicago sativa)素有“牧草之王”的美誉,可用于青饲、青贮、加工草粉、调制青干草、配合饲料或混合饲料1-3;由于具有抗胆固醇、抗肿瘤和抗氧化等特性,紫花苜蓿芽也经常被人们食用4-5。紫花苜蓿是我国和北半球温带地区最主要的牧草和草田轮作的首选草种,在农牧业生产,应对全球气候变化,保障食物安全和增加农牧民收入等方面发挥着重要作用;但是其种子用量 80%以上都依赖进口,且主要来自北美和欧洲
16、等地6-7。毋庸置疑,种带病菌通过植物种子生产、商业贸易和科技交流等活动进行传播8。而且,种子携带并传播病菌既是众多地区植物发生新病害的原因,又是导致动物疾病和人类食源性疾病的罪魁祸首9。国内外种子的频繁贸易,一方面增加了紫花苜蓿种带植物病原细菌的侵入和传播风险,进而限制紫花苜蓿的优质高产,如检疫病害细菌性萎蔫病(Clavibacter michiganense subsp.insidiosum)可造成苜蓿绝产10,桃色欧文氏菌菌株 Cp2对紫花苜 蓿 根 系 的 伸 长 和 生 长 有 很 强 的 抑 制 作 用11,以 及 紫 花 苜 蓿 芽 细 菌 性 腐 烂 病(Enterobacter cloacae;Pectobacterium chrysanthemi)和芽细菌性萎蔫病(Erwinia persicina)可分别造成紫花苜蓿幼苗减产 15%100%和 25%12-14;另一方面也增加了紫花苜蓿种带人畜共患或动物病原细菌的侵入和传播风险,对畜产品安全和人类健康是一个巨大的隐患,如食用带有肠道沙门氏菌的不同血清型:新港沙门氏菌(Salmonella enterica sero