1、23城市纪念广场潜在精神恢复功效的探索性研究*An Exploratory Study on The Potential Restorative Effect of Urban Memorial Plaza何琪潇1，杨丽娟2HE Qixiao,YANG Lijuan 本文引用格式 何琪潇，杨丽娟城市纪念广场潜在精神恢复功效的探索性研究 J南方建筑，2023（8）：23-33.HE Qixiao，YANG LijuanAn Exploratory Study on The Potential Restorative Effect of Urban Memorial PlazaJSouth Arc
2、hitecture，2023(8)：23-33.摘要人们对逝者以及英烈的传统祭祀文化及习惯，赋予城市纪念广场这类纪念空间具备对受访者疗愈心灵、疏解压力的潜在作用，这与自然环境为主体的恢复性环境功效极具相识性。为探索城市纪念广场是否属于某类恢复性环境类型，以重庆 3 处纪念广场为例，共采集 106 名参观者对广场环境的访谈评价信息；运用质性研究的主题分析法（TA）结合感官恢复性量表(PRS)，抽取访谈信息中与恢复性环境魅力、逃离、一致性和范围 4种特征匹配的关键词；以此为基础，类比归纳发挥纪念广场恢复性功效的环境要素和空间组件构成。结果表明，11 类被编码 350 次的关键词与魅力特征匹配，9
3、类被编码 222 次与逃离特征匹配，5 类被编码 199 次与一致性特征匹配，5 类被编码 192 次与范围特征匹配，纪念广场符合既有恢复性环境的特征描述；其中，魅力特征受到文化和自然要素双重影响，逃离特征源于安全、宁静、历史要素的综合效应，一致性特征在于显著的仪式要素，范围特征包括开阔视野及多元设施要素。关键词纪念空间；人群健康；恢复性环境；主题分析法；重庆*基金项目国家自然科学基金资助项目（52108043）：社区公园质量公平绩效评价方法与测度研究；重庆市教委科学技术研究计划项目（KJQN202300717）：社区公园恢复性功效的时空演变及其多重中介影响效应研究。中图分类号TU-023;T
4、U986.5+3 文献标志码ADOI10.3969/j.issn.1000-0232.2023.08.003文章编号1000-0232（2023）08-0023-11作者简介1讲师，电子邮箱：；2副教授；1&2重庆交通大学建筑与城市规划学院ABSTRACTFaced with changes in modern lifestyle,increasing crowd pressure,and the rising prevalence of mental disorders,it has become important for studies on architecture and urban
5、 and rural planning to create spaces and places for urban residents to actively release pressure.This is from the perspective of improving the urban environment.The main theoretical basis stems from Camplan and his wifes attention restoration theory(ART).This theory deems that some environments can
6、encourage people to concentrate their attention,block the spread of negative emotions,and restore a balance from psychological fatigue and stress interference disorder.Among them,the restorative environment,dominated by the natural environment,significantly impacts mental stress relief.With the deep
7、ening studies on restorative environments in foreign countries,we discover that the environment with restorative functions is not limited to the natural environment or urban green space,but also involves the daily life places where people work and study,including churches,zoos,museums,and cemeteries
8、,etc.On the contrary,relevant studies in China have just started,and still focus on the natural environment,involving the quantitative meta-analysis of foreign literature,as well as building and summarizing frames based on the practical situation in China.Nevertheless,there are few explorations of o
9、ther types of restorative environments.Memorial space is a place for the spirit to carry on and inherit history through material construction.Space has special significance to the psychological cognition of people since it is endowed with profound spiritual connotations.Peoples traditional culture a
10、nd habit of offering sacrifices to their deceased and heroes have endowed memorial spaces,such as city memorial squares,with the potential effect of healing interviewees souls and relieving their pressure.This is highly similar to the functions of restorative environments dominated by the natural en
11、vironment.It is necessary to explore whether the memorial space is a potential restorative environment for modern urban residents from the academic trend perspective of expanding restorative environmental types,the practical needs of searching for ways to positively relieve pressure,and the recognit
12、ion of the spiritual restorative characterization of memorial spaces.One hundred and six visitors in three memorial squares(Peoples Square,Gele Mountain Hongyan Soul Square,and Hongyan Village Square)in Chongqing were invited to participate in the evaluation of the square environment.Keywords matchi
13、ng four features(e.g.,charm,escape,consistency and scope)of the restorative environment in the interview information were extracted by combining thematic analysis(TA)of qualitative research and sensory restorative scale(PRS).Results showed that there were 11 types of keywords encoded by 350 times ma
14、tching with charm,nine types of keywords encoded by 222 times matching with escape,five types of keywords encoded by 199 times matching with 开放科学（资源服务）标识码（OSID）24官方网站 http:/ 人居环境 Human Settlements/南方建筑/South Architecture 2023.8 背景 面向现代生活方式转变，人群压力与日俱增的现实以及精神障碍问题持续攀升的困境，以提升城市环境视角为人们创造主动释放压力的空间与场所，已成为不
15、同学界研究关注的重点领域。其中，探索自然环境为主体的恢复性环境对人群精神压力的缓解效用成为重要分支1，2，其理论依据源于康普兰夫妇的注意力恢复理论（ART），即某些环境能够促使人们集中注意力、阻断消极情绪蔓延，从心理疲劳和压力干扰失调的生理状态中恢复平衡。关于恢复性环境的研究，近十年主要聚焦国内心理学、建筑学和城乡规划学以及公共卫生等领域。心理学方面，聚焦环境的恢复性功能测度3、效果影响4和理论探索5；擅长空间营造的建筑学、城乡规划和风景园林学，志在探索恢复性环境的物质形态构造和空间影响机制，如城市绿地的压力释放与精力恢复功能6-8，以及公园的恢复性组件9和影响机制10。揭示恢复性环境的特征与
16、类型是该领域研究的难点，早期主要围绕自然环境展开11，12。随着国外对恢复性环境的深入研究发现，具备恢复性功效的环境不仅限于自然环境或城市绿地，同样牵涉到人们工作学习的日常生活场地，如教堂13、动物园14、博物馆15、墓地16等。反观国内，相关研究刚起步，研究类型仍然停留在自然环境，涉及国外文献归纳的量化荟萃分析17、国内实际情况为框架搭建和总结18。尽管，有学者开始将恢复性环境理论研究转向实践应用，如将恢复性自然环境的疗愈功效运用到城市设计19、绿地构造20和街道设计21。但总体而言，对其它恢复性环境类型的探索甚少。纪念空间是通过物质性建造延续精神、传承历史的场所，由于空间本身被赋予了深刻的精神内涵，对于人群心理认知具有特殊的意义22。我国传统的纪念性文化，对于逝者以及英烈的纪念性传统习惯和需求，使得城市纪念空间在我国大部分地区的建设规模和使用频率居高。同时，也引发学术研究长期关注如何建设纪念性空间，聚焦如何“生产空间”，如纪念性空间建筑设计表达23-25、景观的构成手法26，27等。对“空间生产”衍生的潜在功能和机理，如纪念空间是否对人群具有潜在的恢复性功效，探讨不多。但可以发现，
