1、Cell Signaling Technology 20032016 Cell Signaling Technology,IDirect Stimulatory Modification Direct Inhibitory ModificationMultistep Stimulatory Modification Multistep Inhibitory ModificationTentative Stimulatory Modification Tentative Inhibitory ModificationDirect Inhibitory ModificationMultistep
2、Stimulatory Modification Multistep Inhibitory ModificationTentative Stimulatory Modification Transcriptional Inhibitory ModificationKinase Phosphatase Transcription Factor Caspase Receptor Enzyme pro-apoptotic pro-survival GAP/GEF GTPase G-proteinAcetylaseDeacetylasePathway Diagram KeyESC Pluripoten
3、cy and DifferentiationNICDNucleusCytoplasmFrizzledGq/oErk1/2NanogNICDSox2Oct-4TCFsErk1/2Ras/RafGene ExpressionPluripotency and Self RenewalhESC markers:Gene ExpressionGene ExpressionAktSmad2/3Smad2/3Smad2/3Smad2/3Smad2/3-catenin-catenin-cateninSmad4Smad4Smad1/5/9Smad1/5/9Smad1/5/9Smad1/5/9Smad4Smad1/5/9PI3KIGF-IRFGFRTGF-/Activin/NodalBMPMEK1/2PP2ALRPWntSARAAxinAPCGSK-3SecretasePolycombOct-4 Sox2 NanogSSEA3/4 TRA-1-60 TRA-1-81DifferentiationEndoderm MesodermEctoderm Primordial Germ CellsNotch
