1、小学语法精讲精练 专题18 复合句思考引入老师,简单句比较简单,那复合句是不是很难?复合句由主句和从句组成。它就像一棵大树,主句是树干,从句就是树枝。主句是表达所陈述内容的重点,从句补充相关的背景和细节。复合句听起来真的不简单呢！别急,我们往下看!知识概览知识精讲一、复合句的基本含义和结构复合句是含有两个或两个以上主谓结构的句子，由“一个主句+一个或多个从句”构成。主句是主体，可以独立成句。从句则是一个句子成分，不能独立成句，须由一个引导词引导。复合句有以下两种基本结构。1.主句+引导词+从句I dont know what he said.我不知道他说了什么。I want to be a d
2、octor when I grow up.我长大后想当一名医生。2.引导词+从句+主句If you like science, you can be a scientist.如果你喜欢科学，你可以成为一名科学家。When I was a child, I dreamed to be an English teacher.当我还是个孩子的时候，我梦想成为一名英语老师。热身小练找一找。请你找出下列句子的引导词、主句或从句，并写在横线上。1. You told me where you lived.引导词：_2. She gave me the book which is in English.主
3、句：_3. If you go abroad, I will go with you.从 句：_答案：1.where 2.She gave me the book 3.If you go abroad二、宾语从句宾语从句指在复合句中充当宾语的从句，一般由从属连词、连接代词和连接副词来引导。1.从属连词：that, whether,ifShe said(that) she would come.她说过她会来的。that引导宾语从句时没有实际含义，不充当句子成分，因此可以省略。We discussed whether/if we should go to see the film.我们讨论了是否应
4、该去看电影。2.连接代词：who, whom, whose, what, which等Do you know who is coming?你知道谁要来吗?I dont know what they are looking for.我不知道他们在找什么。3.连接副词：where,how,why, when等I know where she lives.我知道她住在哪里。We dont know why he didnt come yesterday.我们不知道他昨天为什么没有来。Could you tell me when the train will leave?你能告诉我火车什么时候开吗?热
5、身小练判一判。请你判断下列句子画线部分是否为宾语从句(是请画“”,不是请画“”)。( )1.She says her brother is good at singing.( )2. I dont know why so many people like to eat it.答案：1. 2.三、定语从句定语从句指在复合句中充当定语的从句，一般由关系代词或关系副词来引导。被定语从句所修饰的词叫先行词，通常位于定语从句之前。1.关系代词：that,who, whom, whose, which等I like the movies that are about Chinese history.我喜欢
6、有关中国历史的电影。The man who lives next to us is a teacher.住在我们隔壁的那个人是一位老师。2.关系副词：when,why, whereI still remember the day when I first came to school.我还记得我第一次来学校的那一天。Please tell me the reason why you missed the plane.请告诉我你错过飞机的原因。This is the city where I have worked for 10 years.这就是我工作了10年的城市。热身小练判一判。请你判断下
7、列句子画线部分是否为定语从句(是请画“”,不是请画)。( )1. I dont know where she is.( )2.Chengdu is the place where I was born.答案：1. 2.四、状语从句状语从句指在复合句中充当状语的从句，一般由从属连词来引导。1.时间状语从句：由when,after,before等引导When I was young, I lived in a small village.我年轻的时候住在一个小村庄里。I watched TV after I did my homework yesterday.昨天做完家庭作业后我看了电视。Lily
8、 drinks a glass of milk before she goes to bed every day.莉莉每天睡觉前喝一杯牛奶。2.原因状语从句：由because等引导Shes studying because she has a test tomorrow.她正在学习，因为她明天有一场考试。3.条件状语从句：由if等引导If it is fine, well go to the park.如果天气好，我们就去公园。4.地点状语从句：由where等引导I found my books where I had left them.我在我原来放书的地方找到了我的书。热身小练判一判。请你
9、判断下列句子画线部分是否为状语从句(是请画“”,不是请画“”)。( )1.Im going to play soccer after school.( )2.My favorite season is spring because I like green.答案：1. 2.知识精练一、单选题( )1Im sure _. I have a cough and have a headache. Take this medicine, and youll feel much better.AIll go to schoolBIll have a good timeCIm very wellDIve
10、got a bad cold( )2I want to know _. Awhom is she looking forBwhom she is lookingCwhom is she lookingDwhom she is looking for( )3Do you know _ the woman in red is? Im not sure. Maybe a teacher.AwhatBwhoCwhichDhow( )4You know slow and steady _ the race. AwinBwinnerCwins( )5What did you learn?We learne
11、d _ ants always work together. AthatBwhichCwhat( )6Tell me why _ go there. Ado you want toBdo youCyou would like to( )7The hare was sure he _ win the race. AwillBwouldCcan( )8I hope _ to my birthday party tomorrow. Ato comeBshe can comeCher to comeDshe come( )9Do you know _? Ahow he is oldBhow is he
12、 oldChow old is heDhow old he is( )10He told me that there _ an interesting movie on at the cinema the next day. AisBwill beCwould beDis going to be( )11Can you do _? Awhat can I doBwhat I can doCwhat I can say( )12Excuse me, Sir, Can you tell me _? Ahow we got to the zooBhow can we get to the zooCh
13、ow did we get to the zooDhow we can get to the zoo( )13She says she _ go to Hainan. AisBwillCwould( )14I hope that she _ to the demands of the naughty boys. Awill not have agreedBwill not be agreedCwill not agreeDwill not have been agreed( )15Heres the chart I_ for Danny. AmakedBmakingCmakesDmade( )
14、16Rosa likes music _ is quiet and gentle. AwhenBthatCwhereDwho( )17All the apples _ fell down were eaten by the pigs.AthoseBwhichCwhatDthat( )18Is the river_ through that town very large?Awhich flowsBflowsCthat flowingDwhose flows( )19Is this factory _you visited last week?Athis BwhereCthe oneDin wh
15、ich( )20 The reason _he was absent from the meeting was _his car broke down on the way. ()Athat; becauseBwhy; thatCthat; thatDfor; that( )21 He lives in a village _there are a lot of trees. AthereBwhereCthatDwhich( )22If Joe _ too much spicy food, he will have a stomachache. Awill eatBeatCeatsDto ea
16、t( )23If he travels abroad, he _ to Italy. AgoesBgoCwill go( )24What _ if there is no rain? AhappenBwill happenChappenedDis happening( )25If it _ snow tomorrow, we _ to the Great Wall. Aisnt; goBdoesnt; goCisnt; will goDdoesnt; will go( )26We _ the park with my parents if it doesnt rain tomorrow. Ag
17、o toBwent toCwill go to( )27We can see a film _ you have time. AandBifCso( )28If you have a long holiday, where _ you go? AdoBwillCare( )29People _ nice to you if you are nice to them. Awill beBwereCareDbe( )30If it _ tomorrow, I _ football with my friends . Arains; wont playBrains; dont playCwill r
18、ain; wont playDrain; will play二、用单词正确形式填空31We will go to the zoo if it _ (not rain) tomorrow. 32If it _ (rain), we _ (not go) on a picnic.33If I see a woman with a little baby, I _ (give) her my seat.34The teacher told us that the earth _ (go) around the sun.35My grandfather is learning how _(use) t
19、he computer.36Danny thought he _ (can) hit the ball.答案：1D2D3A4A5A6C7B8B9D10C11B12D13B14C15D16B17D18A19C20B21B22C23C24B25D26C27B28B29A30A31doesnt rain/does not rain32rains wont go/will not go33will give34goes35to use36could记忆口诀宾语从句宾语以句需注意,几点事项应牢记。that连接陈述句,省与不省要注意。从句若表是否时,if/whether要牢记。特殊问句作宾语,仍用原来疑问词。句子语序要记清,从句永保陈述序。定语从句定从先行很紧密，代副两词拉关系。which指物，人用who,that人、物皆可顾。时间用when,原因why,地点where经常在。状语从句状语从句有多种，连词引导各不同。主句通常前面走，连词引从紧随后。从句若在主前头，主从之间有个逗。
