1、小学语法精讲精练 专题16 简单句思考引入老师,我们上一课学了句子成分,那今天我们是不是学习如何用这些成分造句呀?是的!我们不仅要搞清楚句子成分,还要知道有哪些句型才能造句呢。我们把句子的5种基本成分组合在一起就变成了简单句的5种基本句型。这就是我们今天学习的重点-简单句。简单句,简单句肯定就不难啦,我应该能学会!哈哈哈!那你可得好好听了。知识概览知识精讲一、简单句的基本含义简单句是只含有一个主谓结构的句子，并且句子各成分只由单词或短语构成。I have a basketball.我有一个篮球。主语 谓语My family and I live in China.我的家人和我都住在中国。主语
2、谓语热身小练找一找。请你找出下列句子的主语和谓语，并写在横线上。1. The bus comes.主语：_ 谓语：_2.I drink a cup of coffee.主语：_ 谓语：_答案：1.The bus comes 2.I drink二、简单句的五种基本句型根据不同的谓语动词以及句子成分的不同组成方式，简单句可分为以下5种基本句型。1.主语+谓语Class begins.开始上课了。Sarah laughs.萨拉笑了。这种句型的谓语一般是不及物动词，后面不需跟宾语就能使句子意义完整。小学阶段常见的不及物动词有：come来sit坐swim游泳see明白go去begin开始rain下雨sl
3、eep睡觉stop停止look看fail失败listen听work工作run跑laugh笑3.主语+系动词+表语I am a student.我是一名学生。He is a pilot.他是一名飞行员。They are friends.他们是朋友。这种句型的谓语由“系动词+表语”共同构成，主要用来说明主语的性质、特征、状态或身份等。小学阶段我们需要掌握的系动词就是be动词。4.主语+谓语+间接宾语+直接宾语Tom gives me a book.汤姆给了我一本书。Mr. Smith teaches us math.史密斯先生教我们数学。“间接宾语+直接宾语”又称为双宾语。小学阶段常见的带双宾语的
4、动词有：give给tell告诉make做buy买send送teach教cook做饭get收到支付show展示do做write写pass传递5.主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语Reading makes me happy.阅读使我快乐。I hear the baby crying.我听见宝宝在哭。“宾语+宾语补足语”又称为复合宾语。小学阶段常见的接复合宾语的动词有：call把叫作find找到hear听见make使变得see看见think认为keep保持watch看热身小练请你写一写下列句子的结构。1.I know him._2.The panda sleeps._3. He is from Brit
5、ain._4. Lina paints the cat pink._5.My mother made me a hamburger._答案：1.主语+谓语+宾语 2.主语+谓语 3.主语+系动词+表语4.主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语5.主语+谓语+间接宾语+直接宾语三、特殊的简单句-there be句型1.there be句型表示“某地有某物或某人”,其结构是：There be +主语+地点状语。There is a tree here.这里有一棵树。There are many trees in the park.公园里面有很多树。2.在there be句型中，当有两个或两个以上的主语时，b
6、e动词的单复数与离它最近的那个主语的单复数形式一致，这就是there be句型的“就近一致”原则。There is a desk and two chairs in my room.我的房间里有一张桌子和两把椅子。There are two chairs and a desk in my room.我的房间里有两把椅子和一张桌子。热身小练填一填。请你用be动词的不同形式将下列句子补充完整，并找出每个句子的主语填写在横线上。1. There_a bed in my room. 主语：_2.There_two books on my desk. 主语：_3.There_some trees and
7、 a river in the park. 主语：_4. There_an eraser and two pencils in my pencil box. 主语：_答案：1.is a bed 2.are two books 3.are some trees and a river4. is an eraser and two pencils知识精练一、写出下列句子的句子结构1I need a pen. (请写出句子结构)_2My telephone number is 235748.(写出句子结构)_3请写出该句子是五种基本句型中的哪一种。Talent shows are getting m
8、ore and more popular._4写出以下句子的基本句型：Jacky is hard-working._5The soup tastes delicious. （写出句子结构）_6Sally can play the piano very well.（写出结构）_7David keeps his hair short. _8Cathy lend her bike to her best friend yesterday._9Mr Smith is strict with us. (写出句子结构)_10The waiter passed me the food. (写出句子结构)_1
9、1The old man always keeps his small house warm and clean.（写出句子结构）_答案：1主+谓+宾2主+系+表3主+系+表4主系表5主语+系动词+表语6主语+谓语+宾语7主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语8主语+谓语+直接宾语+间接宾语+状语9主+系+表+状10主语+谓语+间接宾语+直接宾语11主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语二、单选题1There _ any mangoes in the fridge now. But there _ some mango juice. Aare; isntBarent; areCarent; is2There _
10、a lot of grass before. But now there _ more and more buildings. Aare; areBwas; wereCwas; are3There _ no gyms in my school five years ago. AwasBisCwereDare4Why are you in such a hurry, John? There _ a basketball match between Class Three and our class in ten minutes.Ais going to beBis going to haveCw
11、ill haveDwill hold5There _ a computer in my home ten years ago. AisBwasCwere6_ two glasses of juice in the fridge? No.AWas thereBThere wereCWere there7There _ any traffic lights here. AareBarentCisntDis8Its so hot outside, but there is _ juice in the fridge. Lets go shopping and buy some. Aa littleB
12、fewCa lot ofDlittle9There _ an apple and some vegetables on the table yesterday morning. AisBwereCwas10There _ some water in the bottle. AareBisCisntDarent11There _ a glass of water in the picture. AisBhasCare12In the past, there _ no library in my school. AwasBisCwere13_ there many toys in the shop
13、? AAmBIsCAre14Is there a rabbit _ the moon? _Aon; No, there isnt.Bin; No, there isnt.Con; Yes, there is.15There _ 45 students in our class last year. AareBwasCwere三、用单词正确形式填空16There _ (be) some chicken and hamburgers on the table.17There _ (be) enough time to work. Hurry up!18There _ (be) a ball and
14、 two dolls in the box.19There _ (be) some birds in the sky.20There _ (be) a theatre and two museums in that countryside two years ago.21There _ (be) many stars and strips on the flag.22_ (there be not) any coffee in the cup.23There _ (be) some grass in the park in springs.24There _ (is) no gym in my
15、 school three years ago, but now there is a new one.25There _ (be) an apple and five mangoes on the table.26Many years ago, there _(be) an old man called Yu Gong.答案：1C2C3C4B5B6C7B8D9C10B11B12A13C14A15C16is17isnt18is19are20was21are22There isnt/ There is not23is24was25is26was记忆口诀简单句的5种基本句型英语句子有总根,5种句型定乾坤。句型核心为动词,后接什么是关键。系动词后接表语,不及物独身无牵连。及物独自占三种,单宾双宾和宾补。there句型There be,有特点,主语放在be后面。单数主语用is,复数主语要用are。多个主语并列时,就近原则记心间。
