1、第 48 卷 第 2期2 0 2 3 年 2 月Vol.48 No.2Feb.2 0 2 3地球科学 Earth Sciencehttp:/https:/doi.org/10.3799/dqkx.2022.364川西北深层中二叠统茅口组岩相古地理及勘探意义李雯1,2,杨帅1,2*,陈安清1,2,张玺华3,陈聪3,徐胜林1,2,孙诗1,2,罗健1,2,陈洪德1,21.成都地理工大学深时地理环境重建与应用自然资源部重点实验室,四川成都 6100592.成都理工大学油气藏地质及开发工程国家重点实验室,四川成都 6100593.中国石油西南油气田分公司勘探开发研究院,四川成都 610041摘要:四川盆
2、地西北部是深层油气勘探的重点区域,围绕“开江梁平海槽”发现多个长兴组台缘礁滩型气田.近年,随着该油气带下的茅口组获得新的油气发现,海槽的形成时间和范围及其对茅口组有利勘探区带的约束成为新的研究热点.基于川西北地区剖面钻井资料,详细开展茅口组的岩相古地理重建.揭示出川西北地区茅口中晚期呈现深水相和台地相的分异,相带沉积作用造成地层厚度的带状协同差异;重建了茅口中晚期的岩相古地理,刻画出该时期的构造沉积分异格局;明确“开江梁平海槽”形成时间应向前推至中二叠世晚期.总体上,茅口组深水槽沿广元巴中平昌一带展布,其两侧台缘是新的潜在大型油气聚集带.沿该深水槽的构造沉积分异形成的台缘带为初始地貌继承型边缘
3、,具有宽边缘、薄滩体的特点,滩相结构为间断加积状,与其上长兴期镶边塑造的连续加积或进积形成的窄边缘、厚滩体模式形成鲜明对比.关键词:古地理;台-槽分异;台地边缘;中二叠统;茅口组;石油地质.中图分类号:P618.13 文章编号:1000-2383(2023)02-609-12 收稿日期:2022-12-09The Lithofacies Paleogeographic of the Middle Permian Deep Maokou Formation and Its Significance for Hydrocarbon Exploration,Northwestern Sichuan
4、BasinLi Wen1,2,Yang Shuai1,2*,Chen Anqing1,2,Zhang Xihua3,Chen Cong3,Xu Shenglin1,2,Sun Shi1,2,Luo Jian1,2,Chen Hongde1,21.Key Laboratory of DeepTime Geography and Environment Reconstruction and Applications,MNR&Institute of Sedimentary Geology,Chengdu University of Technology,Chengdu 610059,China2.
5、State Key Laboratory of Oil and Gas Reservoir Geology and Exploitation,Chengdu University of Technology,Chengdu 610059,China3.Exploration and Development Research Institute,PetroChina Southwest Oil&Gas Field Company,Chengdu 610041,ChinaAbstract:The northwest of Sichuan Basin are the key region of de
6、ep oil and gas exploration.Changxing Formation Formation platform marginal reefflat gas fields have been discovered aroundKaijiangLiangping deepwater trough.Recently,with the new 基金项目:国家自然科学基金面上项目(Nos.42172132;41872109);中国石油天然气股份有限公司西南油气田分公司勘探开发研究院项目(No.XNS勘研院 JS20222599).作者简介:李雯(1996-),男,硕士,主要从事沉积学
7、与石油地质学研究.ORCID:0000000251752187.Email:*通讯作者:杨帅,Email:引用格式:李雯,杨帅,陈安清,张玺华,陈聪,徐胜林,孙诗,罗健,陈洪德,2023.川西北深层中二叠统茅口组岩相古地理及勘探意义.地球科学,48(2):609-620.Citation:Li Wen,Yang Shuai,Chen Anqing,Zhang Xihua,Chen Cong,Xu Shenglin,Sun Shi,Luo Jian,Chen Hongde,2023.The Lithofacies Paleogeographic of the Middle Permian Dee
8、p Maokou Formation and Its Significance for Hydrocarbon Exploration,Northwestern Sichuan Basin.Earth Science,48(2):609-620.第 48 卷地球科学 http:/discovery of oil and gas in the Maokou Formation under the oil and gas accumulation zone,the forming time and scope of the deepwater trough and its constraint o
9、n the favorable exploration zone of the Maokou Formation have become a new research hotspot.Based on several field outcrop sections and drilling data in northwest Sichuan Basin,we reconstructed lithofacies paleogeographic of Maokou Formation in detail,and revealed the differentiation of deepwater fa
10、cies and platform facies in MiddleLate of Maokou Formation.The sedimentation in facies belt results in the zonal synergistic difference in strata thickness;We reconstructed the lithofacies paleogeography and described the structuresedimentary differentiation model of the MiddleLate Maokou Formation.
11、This study confirms that the forming time of KaijiangLiangping trough should be pushed forward to the late of Middle Permian.Generally speaking,the deepwater trough of Makou Formation spreads along the GuangyuanBazhongPingchang area,and the platform margins on both sides are the potential developmen
12、t area of a new largescale oil and gas accumulation zone.The platform margin zone formed by the tectonicsedimentary differentiation is the initial geomorphological inherited margin along deep water trough,with the characteristics of wide margin and thin shoal body.The structure of shoal facies is di
13、scontinuous accretion,which is in sharp contrast to the narrow margin and thick shoal pattern formed by continuous accretion or progradation of generated on the edge in Changxing Formation.Key words:paleogeography;platformtrough differentiation;platform margin;Middle Permian;Maokou Formation;petrole
14、um geology.0 引言 碳酸盐沉积的构造-沉积分异指沉积盆地受构造作用形成地貌差异而引起的沉积作用分异.含油气盆地由于基底裂陷、同沉积构造活动和古隆起等因素引起碳酸盐台地不同程度的构造-沉积分异作用,形成多样化的碳酸盐沉积模式(陈洪德等,2014;陈安清等,2017,2020;张晓星等,2020).一般地,碳酸盐沉积的构造-沉积分异划分为 3类:区域裂陷作用控制的强构造-沉积分异作用、局部同沉积断裂控制的中等构造-沉积分异作用、板内古隆起 形 成 的 弱 构 造-沉 积 分 异 作 用(陈 洪 德 等,2014).已 有 研 究 表 明 在 四 川 盆 地 北 部 发 育 晚 二叠-三
15、叠纪初的“开江-梁平海槽”,属于典型的克拉通边缘局部同沉积断裂形成的中等构造-沉积分异,在其两侧的台地边缘形成了典型的礁滩型储层,并发现了普光、龙岗等多个深层海相碳酸盐岩大气田(马永生等,2006;夏茂龙等,2010;马新华等,2019;文龙等,2019).近年来盆地内深层海相气藏再获重大突破,在茅口组相继发现多口高产测试井,如 JT1井日产 112.8万方、MX145井日产 212.26万方,钻井深度达 4 500 m 以下.这些突破推动了茅口组的深层勘探工作,区域岩相古地理等基础研究亟待跟进.中-晚二叠世之交是东吴运动与峨眉山地幔柱上升的活动期,四川盆地西北部处于拉张应力作用背景下,构造活
16、动十分剧烈,使得这一时期的构造演化相对复杂多变(何斌等,2006;徐义刚等,2007;张国伟和郭安林,2019;刘树根等,2022).20世纪 90年代,王一刚等(2001)提出晚二叠世-早三叠世在四川盆地北部存在一个硅质海槽区,并将其称为“开江-梁平海槽”.此后,马永生等(2006)从古地理环境、沉积格局及沉积模式、沉积特征和沉积相展布等方面,进一步深入揭示了晚二叠世-早三叠世开江-梁平一带的深水区演化特征.最近,张玺华等(2018)对川西北茅口组孤峰段进行了有效识别,并结合井震资料,认为“开江-梁平海槽”在茅口末期已具雏形;王兴志等(2021)通过地球化学研究表明川北茅口组硅质岩为深水还原环境产物,进一步证实了“开江-梁平海槽”在茅口末期已具雏形的观点.但围绕该深水槽(本文采用深水槽这一名称)的形成时间及控沉积作用尚无定论,制约了茅口组油气聚集规律的认识.本文基于川西北地区西北乡、上寺等 7 个露头剖面及 L17井、LT1井、YB7井等 20多口钻井资料,通过研究沉积相特征、岩性组合差异、地层厚度对比研究,分析了茅口组中-晚期的构造-沉积分异作用,探讨了“开江-梁平深水槽”的初始形