历年考研英语真题及答案汇总(1980-2019年).zip

1980 年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题Section I Use of PrepositionsSection I Use of Prepositions一、在所给的介词中选择一个适当的填入空白：（本大题共 5 分，每题分）（注意：各题只能填写一个答案，多填答案不得分）to,at,instead of,from,of,with,on,among,between,because of,about,for into,with regard to,over1.The findings are far _ satisfactory.2.We shall divide the work _ us research workers.3.The rainy season in that country varies _ 3-4 months.4.They have never heard _ such an invention.5.We must pay attention _ the latest development of the situation.6.The newly-installed control computer will soon be put _ use.7.The news which I am going to tell you _ is rather serious.8.The engineer seemed to know what the sign stood _.9.The machine tool went out of control _ mishandling.10.Dont be satisfied _ what you have achieved.Section II Verb TensesSection II Verb Tenses二、用所给动词的适当时态语态填入空白：（本大题共 10 分，第 7 题 2 分，其余各题均 1 分）（注意：各题只能填写一个答案，多填答案不得分）11.Those whod like to visit the exhibition _(sign)your names here.（were defeated/had been defeated）12.A great number of small power stations _(set up)in their county since liberation.（were defeated/had been defeated）13.He asked me whether my brother _(fly)to Beijing.（were defeated/had been defeated）14.He fell asleep immediately last night;he must _(be)very tired.（were defeated/had been defeated）15.“Have you moved into the new flat?”“Not yet.The rooms _(paint).”（were defeated/had been defeated）16.The director recommended that she _(study)more English before going abroad.（were defeated/had been defeated）17.The teacher told them since light _(travel)faster than sound,lightning _(appear)to go before thunder.（were defeated/had been defeated）18.How long _ they _(dig)the ditch?（were defeated/had been defeated）19.He refused to tell us whether he _(undertake)the job.（were defeated/had been defeated）Section IIIVerb FormsSection IIIVerb Forms三、用所给动词的适当形式（不定式、分词、动名词）填入空白：（本大题共15 分，每题分）（注意：各题只能填写一个答案，多填答案不得分）20.Matter is the name _(give)to everything which has weight and occupies space.（were defeated/had been defeated）21.I shall never forget _(meet)the late Premier Zhou during his inspection of our factory.（were defeated/had been defeated）22.I wonder if he could get it _(do)before tomorrow.（were defeated/had been defeated）23.Night _(fall),we hurried home.（were defeated/had been defeated）24.A beam of light will not bend round corners unless _(make)to do so with the help of a reflecting device.（were defeated/had been defeated）25.We were busy _(get)things ready for the trial production when he phoned us.（were defeated/had been defeated）26.Some molecules are large enough _(see)under the electronic microscope.（were defeated/had been defeated）27.The floor does not look so bad when _(sweep)clean.（were defeated/had been defeated）28._(fail)several times,they need some encouragement.（were defeated/had been defeated）29._(catch)in the rain,he was wet to the skin.Section IV Structure and VocabularySection IV Structure and Vocabulary四、选择填空：（本大题共 15 分，每题 1 分）在每题下面的A,B,C,D四个答案中，将你认为最合适的答案画个“”。（注意：各题只能填写一个答案，多填答案不得分）EXAMPLE:He _ me that he decided to leave on Monday.A spokeB saidC talkedD toldANSWER:D30.This test _ a number of multiple choice questions.A composes ofB composes inC consists of（C）D consists in31.She writes as _ as her sister.A clearB more clearC clearly（C）D most clearly32.I prefer this diagram _ that one.A thanB more thanC rather than（C）D to33.I have been studying here for four years,by next summer I _.A shall graduateB shall be graduatedC shall be graduating（C）D shall have graduated34.Hardly had he finished his speech _ the audience started cheering.A andB whenC than（C）D as35.I wish you _ like that.A dont talkB wont talkC wouldnt talk（C）D not to talk36.Only when you have obtained sufficient data _ come to a sound conclusion.A can youB would youC you will（C）D you can37.I found _ to answer all the questions within the time given.A no possibilityB there was impossibilityC impossible（C）D it impossible38.You _ go now.Its getting late.A had ratherB would ratherC had better（C）D would better39.Hot metal _ as it grows cooler.A contractsB reducesC condenses（C）D compresses40.Wood does not conduct electricity;_.A so doesnt rubberB also doesnt rubberC nor does rubber（C）D nor rubber does41.Comrade Li _ be in Beijing because I saw him in town only a few minutes ago.A mustntB cantC may not（C）D isnt able to42.I know it isnt important but I cant help _ about it.A but to thinkB thinkingC think（C）D to think43.The more we looked at the picture,_.A the less we liked itB we like it lessC better we liked it（C）D it looked better44.To succeed in a scientific research project _.A one needs to be persistentB persistence is neededC one needs be a persistent person（C）D persistence is what one needs（were defeated/had been defeated）（were defeated/had been defeated）Section V Error-detectionSection V Error-detection五、认辩错误：（本大题共 5 分，每题 1 分）下面句子中有 A,B,C,D四处划线部分，在你认为是错误的一处画上“”。（注意：各题只能填写一个答案，多填答案不得分）EXAMPLE:It is very kind you to supply me .ANSWER:D45.Never before people our country been athletic sports.（C approve of）46.of us in that chemical plant should have lungs X-rayed.（C approve of）47.the traffic accident he in bed for two weeks,his wound.（C approve of）48.We him smoking and a lot of.（C approve of）49.The reason for the great of smoke is that there too factories in the city.（C approve of）Section VI Chinese-English TranslationSection VI Chinese-English Translation六、将下列句子译成英语：（本大题共 20 分，第 1 题 2 分，其余各题均 3 分）50.水一煮沸请立即把开关关掉。51.在八十年代，中国人民将以更大的步伐向前迈进。52.我们都同意李同志已作出的决定。53.这个结果比我们预期的要好得多。54.在过去的三年中，在恢复我国国民经济方面做了大量的工作。55.我们把英语作为学习西方先进科学技术的一种工具。56.没有党的领导，我国的社会主义现代化是不可能实现的。Section VIIEnglish-Chinese TranslationSection VIIEnglish-Chinese Translation七、将下列短文译成汉语：（本大题 30 分）（文科各类专业译第 1 段，理、工、医、农、体各类专业译第 2 段）(1)The life of Albert Einstein is a model in many ways for both natural and political scientists.First of all,he always employed the scientific method of seeking truth from facts.He firmly believed as he put it,that“there is nothing incomprehensible about the universe,”and through painstaking work,explained many of the phenomena thought to be“incomprehensible”in his day.Einstein was also never afraid to admit mistakes when facts proved his theories wrong.Second,Einsteins contributions showed the great importance of theoretical work to scientific effort.Although he himself rarely worked in laboratories,the concepts he developed led to many of the scientific advances which have shaped modern technology.Third,Einstein believed very deeply that scientists must have a moral and social consciousness.In this way,he provided inspiration for a whole generation of scientists who became active in the Communist movement.Einstein is often portrayed in bourgeois writings as a“genius”whose theories are so complicated that no one but a few best scientists can understand them.But he himself rejected the efforts to put him in a position far above other people.He was well known for his humble manner and often stressed to interviewers that his accomplishments would certainly have been achieved by others had he never lived.Actually,Einsteins theory of relativity and his other scientific works are not that hard to understand with a little study.But beyond learning Einsteins theories,his overall attitude towards science as a tool to liberate humanity is something from which everyone can and should learn.(2)Between now and the end of the century,there will be many exciting developments and also many difficult problems to deal with.Perhaps the most urgent problem is to provide enough food.The worlds population is expected to reach 7,000 million by the year 2000,but already scientists have produced new and better varieties of wheat and rice and animal.They have also been experimenting with techniques of cultivating plants by using mixtures of chemical compounds and water only,and then there will be no need for ordinary soil.Another problem which the world will face is to get rid of refuse(废 料).One solution is to burn refuse at very high temperatures in incinerators(焚化炉).A development of this,which may prove very useful in the future,is to use these incinerators to generate steam power.In fact,any new source of energy will be very welcome,as there is already a shortage of petroleum.To solve the energy problem,scientists will probably also try to make more use of solar energy.The possible effects of some scientific fields,such as lasers and cryogenics(低温学),are difficult to imagine and both already have a number of uses.The supercooling effects of the cryogenics which convert liquid helium(液 态 氦)and other gases into“superfluids”and metals into“superconductors”,making them non-resistant to electricity,could change the world in a number of ways.The laser,with its beam of strong light,can drill a hole in a diamond,and yet can be so well controlled that it can be used in delicate eye operations.The question is whether it will be most used for peaceful purposes or as a deadly weapon.But perhaps the most remarkable developments will occur in space flight.One of the difficulties in the past has been the high cost,but now the space shuttle is being developed,and can be used a large number of times instead of only once.Already man has been to the moon.Perhaps by the end of the century he will have had a close-up view of Venus(金星)or Mars(火星).1980 年考研英语真题答案Section I:Use of Prepositions(5 points)Section I:Use of Prepositions(5 points)1.from2.among3.between4.of5.to6.to,into7.about8.for9.because of10.withSection II:Verb Tenses(10 points)Section II:Verb Tenses(10 points)11.sign12.have been set up13.had flown14.have been15.are being painted16.study17.travels,appears18.have been digging19.would undertakeSection III:Verb Forms(15 points)Section III:Verb Forms(15 points)20.given21.meeting22.done23.falling24.made25.getting26.to be seen27.swept28.Having failed29.Caught(Having been caught,Being caught)Section IV:Structure and Vocabulary(15 points)Section IV:Structure and Vocabulary(15 points)30.C31.C32.D33.D34.B35.C36.A37.D38.C39.A40.C41.B42.B43.C44.ASection V:Error-detection(5 points)Section V:Error-detection(5 points)45.A46.D47.B48.A49.BSection VI:Chinese-English Translation(20 points)Section VI:Chinese-English Translation(20 points)50.Please turn off the switch(switch off)as soon as the water boils.51.The Chinese people will forge ahead(march on,march onward,march forward)with greater strides in 1980s.52.We all agree to the decision comrade Li has made(made).53.The result is much(far)better than we expected.54.During the past three years a lot(of work)has been done in the recovery(restoration)of our national economy(in recovering our national economy;in restoring our national economy).55.We use English as a tool in learning Western advanced science and technology.56.It is impossible to accomplish(carry out,fulfill,materialize)the socialist modernization of our country(our socialist modernization)without the leadership of the Party.Section VII:English-Chinese Translation(30 points)Section VII:English-Chinese Translation(30 points)(1)阿伯特爱因斯坦的一生在许多方面，无论是对自然科学家，还是政治科学家，都是一个范例。首先，他总是运用从事实中寻求真理的地。正如他所说的，他坚信“关于宇宙没有东西是不可知的，”并经过艰苦的劳动，了许多在他那个时代被认为是“不可知”的种种现象。而且，当事实证明他的理论是错误的时候，爱因斯坦也从不害怕承认错误。其次，爱因斯坦的贡献说明理论工作对科学成就的巨大的重要性。虽然他自己很少在实验室工作，他所发展的各种概念使科学取得了许多进展，从而形成了现代技术。第三，爱因斯坦深信科学家必须具有道德和社会意识。这样，他鼓舞了整个一代的科学家，使他们积极参加共产主义运动。爱因斯坦在资产阶级的笔下被描绘为一个“天才”，他的理论是如此地难于理解，以致只有少数最杰出的科学家才能懂得。但是，他本人不同意别人把他高置于他人之上的那些做法。他的谦逊态度是众所周知的，他常常对来访者强调说，如果没有他的话，别人也肯定能够取得他那样的成就。事实上，爱因斯坦的相对论以及他的其他科学论著稍加研究是不难懂得的。但是除了学习爱因斯坦的理论外，他对于利用科学作为一种工具来解放人类的总的态度是每个人能够学习的，而且也是应该学习的。(2)从现在到本世纪末，将有许多令人兴奋的发展，同样也有许多困难的问题，需要加以处理。也许最为迫切的问题是提供足够的粮食。到 2000 年世界人口预期将达到 70 亿，但是科学家们已经培育出各种小麦、稻谷和牲畜的优良品种。他们还在实验只用化合物和水的混合剂来培植作物的技术，到那里就可不需一般的土壤了。世界将面对着的另一问题是处理废物。有一个解决办法就是在焚化炉中用高温的废物烧掉。这种方法的一个新发展，可能在将来证明极为有用，即是以这些焚火炉来产生蒸汽动力。事实是，任何新的能源都将是非常受欢迎的，因为石油已感不足。要解决能源问题，科学家们也许会高潮更多地利用太阳能。诸如激光学和低温学，某些科学领域的可能作用是难以想象的，它们两者已经有若干用途。低温学的过冷作用将液态氦及某些气体变成“超流体”，将某些金属变成“超导体”，使它们没有电阻，从而可以在好些方面改变世界面貌。激光，以它强烈的光束，可在金刚石上钻孔，也可以很好地加以控制来进行难做的眼科手术。问题是它将被大量用于和平的目的呢，还是用途致使的武器。但最惊人的发展也许将出现在宇宙飞行方面。过去的困难之一在于代价太高。但现在航天飞机正在发展，这种航天飞机可以使用多次而不是仅仅一次而已。人类已经到过月球。也许到本世纪末人类对金星或火星等将有一个精细的观察。1981 年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题Section IStructure and VocabularyIn each question,decide which of the five choices given would most suitably complete the sentence.Circle the letter before your choice.Only one choice is to be circled(14 points)EXAMPLE:The guests said that they wouldnt mind _.A to have a little light musicB having a little light musicC have a little light musicD if they have a little light musicE that they have a little light musicANSWER:B1.She has been working in this factory _.A after 1968B in 1968C since 1968D for 1968E until 19682.We cant understand why he avoided _ to us.A to speakB speechC having spokenD speakingE to have spoken3.I am interested in _ you have told me.A whichB all thatC all whatD thatE everything of which4.It is because she is too inexperienced _ she does not know how to deal with the situation.A soB thatC so thatD thereforeE that is why5.He was afraid he would have to _ her invitation to the party.A refuteB refuseC returnD ignoreE decline6.She wants to know whether the measures have been agreed _.A toB withC aboutD uponE over7.Since she is angry,we _.A had better leaving her aloneB should leave her aloneC might as well leave her aloneD had rather leave her aloneE must leave her alone8.I wish I _ to the movies with you last night.A wentB did goC could goD have goneE could have gone9.Scarcely had they settled themselves in their seats in the theatre _ the curtain went up.A thanB whenC beforeD as soon asE as10.Write clearly _ your teacher can understand you correctly.A sinceB forC becauseD so thatE then11.If the doctor had been available,the child _.A would not dieB would not have diedC could not dieD could not have diedE should not have died12.Id just as soon _ rudely to her.A that you wont speakB your not speakingC you not speakD you hadnt spokenE you didnt speak13.Ten years had elapsed.I found she had _.A a little white hairB some white hairC much white hairD a few white hairE a few white hairs14.The electric shaver _ before it can be used.A needs repairingB requires to be repairedC should be in repairD has to be repairableE must repairSection IIError-detectionEach question consists of a sentence with five underlined parts(words or phrases).These parts are labeled A,B,C,D and E.Choose the part of the sentence that is incorrect and circle the letter of your choice.Only one choice is to be marked.(8 points)EXAMPLE:We did A the research as good B as we could C;howerver D,it did not turn out E to be satisfactory.ANSWER:B15.The president of the college A,together with B the deans,are C planning a conference for D the purpose of laying down E certain regulations.16.In order to A convince the director to agree with B their plan,they brought forth C a number of reports which D supported E their argument.17.His method of A doing B research work is hardly C appreciated;he feels D inferior than E others.18.A series of debates A between B the lecturers were C scheduled for D the nex