1、 1 全国咨询电话:全国咨询电话:400-6699-366 20142014 年管理类专业学位全国联考年管理类专业学位全国联考 英语(二)英语(二)真题解析真题解析 完型完型:1.【答案】B concluded 【解析】题干中,一系列的研究已经_,事实上,正常体重的人的患病风险要高于超重的人。根据句义,后面的部分实际上是研究的结论,因此 concluded 符合题意,其他选项 denied(否认)与意义相反,doubled(翻倍)与题意较远,ensured(确保)不符合题意,因为研究不能确保后面的事 实,只能得出后面的事实作为结论。所以正确答案为 B。2.【答案】A protective 【解
2、析】题干中,对于某些健康情况,超重事实上是有_。根据前文研究的结论,超重能减少罹患疾病的风险,说明超重具有一定的保护作用。Dangerous 和文章意思相反,sufficient 表示充足,troublesome 表示有麻烦,不符合题意,所以正确答案为 A。3.【答案】C likewise 【解析】第三句话中,较重的女人患缺钙的比例低于较瘦的女人。_,在老年人中,一定程度上超重。需要填入的是和前半句表示顺接的词 语。A 选项 instead表示逆接的句意关系,B 选项 however 也表示逆接,D 选项 therefore 表示因此,只有 C 选项 likewise 意为同样 地;也,而且。
3、因此正确答案为 C。4.【答案】A indicator 【解析】本句话中,_,一定程度上超重,经常是健康的_。A 选项,表示指示器,指标。B 选项 objective 表示客观;C 选 项 origin 表示来源,D 选项 example表示例子。根据前面的文章内容,已经明确指出超重代表了健康,因此超重是健康的指标。因此正确答案为 A。5.【答案】D concern 【解析】本句话的句意是,需要更加_是,很难对肥胖加以定义。A、impact(印象);B、relevance(相关性);C、assistance(辅助);D、concern(关注)。前文已经说到肥胖事实上有利健康,但是又面临一个问题
4、,到底如何去定义肥胖,因此需要更加关 注的是对肥的定义,其他选项均不符合题意,所以正确答案为 D。6.【答案】A in terms of 【解析】题干中,肥胖经常_体质指数,或称为BMI来定义。A、in terms of,根据,就而言。B、In case of 表示在某种情况下,C、in favor of 表示赞成,以来取代,D、in respect of,关于。因此正确答案为 A。在医学研究和临床测试中经常使用 BMI 作为衡量受试者健康的重要指标,希望考生能够记住这一背景知识,方便日后做题。7.【答案】C equals 【解析】本题题干中 BMI_体重除以身高的平方,这里是用文字叙述了 B
5、MI 指数得出的方法,也就是一个数学公式,所以 equal 符合题 意。A measure(测量)、B determine 表示确定;D modify(修订)。句义就是 BMI 等于体重除以身高的平方。8.【答案】C in turn 【解析】本题题干中,肥胖_能够分成中度肥胖、重度肥胖和极度肥胖。A、in essence(事实上、实际上);B、in contrast(相反地);C、in turn(依次);D、in part(部 2 全国咨询电话:全国咨询电话:400-6699-366 分地)。本句是将肥胖依次分级,所以正确答案为 C。9.【答案】D straightforward 【解析】题干
6、中,相比之下,这样的数字标准看起来_,实际上不是的。A、complicated(复杂);B、conservative(保守)、C、variable(可变的);D、straightforward(直截了当);这里的数字标准指 的就是肥胖指数,肥胖指数分为三类,而且算法比较简单,所以 A 复杂不正确,B 选项保守,用于描述一种数学公式,不恰当,一名患者或一名受试者的 BMI 一般 是确定的,因此可变的也不符合题意,D 选项straightforward 表示直截了当,符合题意,因此正确答案为 D。10.【答案】B while 【解析】本句中,一些人有很高的 BMI,实际上身材正好,_其他人有较低的
7、 BMI指数,可能_。从前半句我们可以看出,有些人 的 BMI 指数很高,应该属于体重肥胖的人,事实上身材正好,这里说明的是反常的现象,后半句是其他人的 BMI 指数较低,而_较差。A、so(所 以);B、while(而);C、since(因为);D、unless(除非)四个选项中只有 while 有转折的含义,其他选项均不符合题意,所以正确 答案为 B。11.【答案】A shape 【解析】本题可以简化为:Some are fit,while others may be in poor.不难看出,前后意义相反,且 fit(体型健康)与 in poor 对应,与之最相关是 A shape(外形
8、),故为正确答案。精神、均衡、品味都相差比较远,可以排除。12.【答案】B qualify 【解析】本题顺应前文意义:有一些人体型很好,有些人体型体型肥胖。接下来举例说有些专业足球运动员 是肥胖的,开始不符;处在也不符合句意;退休内容无关;被认为符合句意,正确。13.【答案】C normal 【解析】本句不难理解:有些人脂肪过高,但是 BMI 却。所需词汇明显是正向的,排除 A、B;D 属中性,且不符合句意,C(正常的)契合,为正确答案。14.【答案】D tendency 【解析】本题解题关键是后半句:to stigmatize obesity(抵毁肥胖),作为划线部分的后置定语,将四个选项选
9、择理由机会倾向代入划线处,最符合句意的是 D(倾向)。后面一句也进 一步证实了(出现在媒体中的肥胖者脸都是打了马赛马的)。15.【答案】B pictured 【解析】空格所在句提到了媒体,根据语境,上句讲到当今我们都污蔑肥胖,所以本句的意思应该是媒体污蔑肥胖,四个选项中,跟媒体相关系的词汇只有 b picture 意思为刻画,描写,描述。16.【答案】D associated 【解析】空格所在句的意思是与肥胖_的原型包括懒惰,缺乏意志力,对成功的期望值不高。空格后面提到的懒惰,缺乏意志力和对成功的期望 值不高都是与肥胖相关的表现,分析四个选项,A.与。相比;B 与。相结合;C.和。和解;都不符
10、合题意,只有 D 与。相联系,相关符合句意。17.【答案】A even 【解析】空格所在句的意思是_小孩子蔑视超重,而且对身材的嘲笑一直是学校的一个问题。本空格缺少一个副词,根据语境记忆常识,此处应该填入表示让步关系的词汇,分析四个选项,只有 A even 即使符合题意。3 全国咨询电话:全国咨询电话:400-6699-366 18.【答案】D grounded 【解析】根据语境,空前讲到对肥胖的负面态度,空后讲到对健康的关注,激发一批反肥胖的_。本句没有出现任何转折词,说明空前后所表达的意思是一致的,反对肥胖,是基于对健康的关注,分析四个选项,能够表达此意思的词汇,只有选项 D ground
11、ed,意思是基于。19.【答案】D policies 【解析】解答此题需要联系空格后面紧跟着的句子。空后的句子出现了一系列表示同一个语义场的词汇,比如 hospital system;ban;many employers institute,指向的意思是一个系统中所出台的政策的问题,浏览四个选项,D 选项 policies 符合题意,直接入选。20.【答案】B against 【解析】本段的主题是反对肥胖,本句话属于细节的句子,用来支持这个主题,空格所在句讲到米歇尔奥巴马已经发起了一个高知名度的_儿童 肥胖,甚至告诉奥兹博士,它代表了我们国家最大的安全威胁。空格中缺少词汇应该含有反对,反抗的意
12、思,纵观四个选项,只有 B against 符合题意。阅读:阅读:Text 1:21.A.A special tour.细节题。关于 Dunn 和 Norton 这两人的观点在第二段有提及,重点句子为It is far better to spend money on experiences,say Ms Dunn and Mr Norton,like interesting trips,unique meals or even going to the cinema.,意为更好的花钱的方法是将钱花在一些能产生人生经历的事上,比方说是有意思的旅行,尝试一些从来没吃过的饭菜,或是去看个电影什么的
13、。由此可见正确答案应选择 A。22.A.critical 观点态度题。以 Americans watching TV 定位找到文章第三段的第二句话 It seems most people would be better off if they could shorten their commutes to work,spend more time with friends and family and less of it watching television,意为似乎是大多数人要是能缩短其上班的距离,把更多的时间花在朋友和家庭而不是看电视上,他们会更幸福。由此可见作者对看电视持有批判的态
14、度。23.D.rarity generally increases pleasure 例证题。例子本身不重要,答案从前一句找:Buying gifts or giving to charity is often more pleasurable than purchasing things for oneself,and luxuries are most enjoyable when they are consumed sparingly,意为买礼物给别人或是做慈善往往要比给自己买东西更让人有愉悦感,而奢侈品也只有在少量购得时才会显得最令人愉悦。通过该句的后半句我们可以明确找到答案 D,稀罕
15、珍贵的物品通常能提升愉悦感。24.C.a worthwhile purchase 细节题。关于文章的末段,往往最重要的是末句:But most people will come away from this book believing it was money well spent,意为但大多数人读了这本书留下的印象是花钱买这本书是值得的。由此可见,作者认为这本书是值得购买的,因此答案应选择 C。25.B.obtain lasting satisfaction from money spent 主旨大意题。解答该题的最快速方法就是从前面做过的题目中去找答案,即串题法。21讲更好的花钱方法,2
16、3 题定位句讲的是怎样花才能更快乐,24 题从书名幸福金钱就可以得到提示。由此可见本文主要是在讲从花钱中去得到愉悦的内容,答案应选择 B。4 全国咨询电话:全国咨询电话:400-6699-366 Text 2:26.B.our self-ratings are unrealistically high 细节题。定位到文章第一段的最后一句话。题目中的 found that 对应原文的 shown that,由此可见答案的部分就在70%of us rate ourselves as above average in leadership,93%in driving and 85%at gettin
17、g on well with others all obviously statistical impossibilities,意为70%的人认为他们的领导力高于平均水平,93%的人认为自己的驾驶技能比绝大多数的人都要高超,还有 85%的人会认为自己与别人相处能力比他人好而所有这些数据从统计分析的角度上课明显是不可能存在的。由此可见正确答案应为 B,我们的自我评价有些虚高。27.D.intuitive response 细 节题。通过 visual recognition 可以定 位到文 章第 三段的 倒数 第二 句话:Visual recognition,reads the study,is
18、 an automatic psychological process,occurring rapidly and intuitively with little or no apparent conscious deliberation,意为视觉识别是一种自发的心理过程,它会快速而直觉地反应出来,而极少带有那种明显有意识的思考。由此可见正确答案应选择 D,直觉反应。28.B.believe in their attractiveness 细节题。根据 Epley 以及 higher self-esteem 可以定位到文章第四段的中间:In fact,those who thought tha
19、t the images higher up the attractiveness scale were real directly corresponded with those who showed other markers for having higher self-esteem意为事实上,那些认为改良过的照片是自己真正的照片的人也正是那些自信心较高的人。由此可见,B 选项,相信他们的吸引力,是正确答案。29.A.instinctively 释义题。从破折号后面的内容我们可以得到线索:on one level,they dont even recognise the person i
20、n the picture as themselves,意为从某种层面上来说,他们甚至会认为照片中的人不是题目自己,所以由此可知前文说的是许多人打心底里讨厌照片中的自己,因此 A选项是正确答案。30.D.withhold their unflattering sides 推理题。根据 Facebook 可以定位到文章末段的倒数第二句话:Facebook,therefore,is a self-enhancers paradise,where people can share only the flukiest of flattering photos,the cream of their wi
21、t,style,beauty,intellect and lifestyles.意为Facebook 是自我提升者的天堂,因为人们可以在上面分享他们那讨人喜欢的照片,以及智慧、时尚、美貌、只是、生活方式的精华面。由此可见,D 选项,掩盖了题目不吸引人的一面,是正确答案。Text 3:31.B.highlight machines threat to human jobs 细节题。根据第一段的Certain jobs have gone away for good,outmoded by machines,意为某些工作永久地消失了,被机器给取代了。由此可见 B 选项,加剧了机器对人类工作的威胁,
22、是正确答案。32.A.technology is diminishing mans job opportunities 细节题,根据 Race Against the Machine 定位到文章的第二段,由第二句中的this argument可知重点在前一句:When there is exponential improvement in the price and performance of technology,jobs that were once thought to be immune from automation suddenly become threatened.其中提到工
23、作突然受到了威胁,由此可见 A 选项,技术的发展降低了 5 全国咨询电话:全国咨询电话:400-6699-366 人们的就业机遇,是正确答案。33.D.designed against human creativity 细节题。定位到文章第 4 段的第一句:Hagel says we have designed jobs in the U.S.that tend to be tightly scripted and highly standardized ones that leave no room for individual initiative or creativity.,其中提到美
24、国的那些工作往往都是些照本宣科以及高度标准化的工作,并不给个人创新留有余地。由此可见选项 D 是正确答案。34.B.the formula for how work is conducted efficiently 细节题,根据题目所提到的 Brynjolfsson 和 McAfee 可以定位到文章末段的第一句话,从而根据这句话中的 this point 可以确定答案应该往上一段去寻找,从而找到上段的第一句话Its time to reinvent the formula for how work is conducted,since we are still relying on a ver
25、y 20th century notion of work,其中提到是时候重新创造出进行工作的方法,由此可见 B 选项,如有进行有效工作的方法,是正确答案。35.C.Can We Win the Race Against Machines?主旨大意题。通过串题的方法我们可以清楚地了解本文的行文,先说技术使得就业给予减少,然后分析美国的工作岗位为什么会被机器给取代,接着说要冲向创造出工作方式,由此可见,选项 C,我们是否能够赢得与机器的比赛,是正确答案。Text 4:36.B.involves certain political factors 细节题。本题的答案重点需要看文章第二段的最末一句B
26、ut perhaps the most significant reason is that the issue has always been so politically charged.,其意为但是,或许最重要的原因就是这个问题始终带有浓浓的政治色彩,由此可见,选项 B涉及到某些政治因素是正确答案。37.C.suffered government biases 细节+推理。定位到文章第四段的末句:It needs to put historical prejudices to one side and take some steps to address our urgent housi
27、ng need,其中提到需要将历史上的偏见搁置一边,由此可知 C 选项,遭遇了政府的偏见,为正确答案。38.A.allow greater government debt for housing 细节题。定位到文章第五段的第二句话:George Osborne may introduce more flexibility to the current cap on the amount that local authorities can borrow against their housing stock debt.,其中提到放宽当地政府能够贷款的额度的限制,如果本句理解不了的同学也可以看到
28、该段的最后一句,如果这个额度提高了,那么在接下来的五年里将新建 60000 幢住房。由此可见选项 A 为正确答案。39.C.contribute to funding new developments 推理题。根据 rental environment 可以定位到文章第六段:Ministers should also look at creating greater certainty in the rental environment,which would have a significant impact on the ability of registered providers to
29、 fund new developments from revenues.,其中提到对提供商资助新发展的能力有着大大的影响,由此可见选项 C 为正确答案。40.D.stop generous funding to the housing sector.细节题。根据 2015 可以定位至文章末段第二句:While these measures would be welcome in the short term,we must face up to the fact that the existing 4.5bn programme of grants to fund new affordabl
30、e housing,set to expire in 2015,is unlikely to be extended beyond then。其中提到我们必须面对的一个现实是,当前政府所应允的 45 亿英镑的资金来资助新建经济适用房的项目在那以后将不可能再延续。由此可知 D 选项,政府可能会停止对住房部的资助,是正 6 全国咨询电话:全国咨询电话:400-6699-366 确答案。Part B D E G C A 41.根据题干定位到第四段 Stone Circle,a perfect ring of purplish rocks from Portishead beach laid out
31、on the gallery floor,represents the elegant,rarefied side of the form.文中 elegant 在答案中变成了elegance,属于词性的转换。因此答案是represents the elegance of the British land art.42.根据题干定位到 Olaf Street Study,is one of the few works here to embrace the mundanity that characterizes most of our experience of the landscape
32、most of the time.因此答案是depicts the ordinary side of the British land art.43.根据题干定位到 across the Park,in which a long-haired stroller is variously smiled at by a pretty girl and unwittingly assaulted in a consequence of images that turn out to be different parts of the same photograph.因此答案是 contains im
33、ages from different parts of the same photograph.44.根据题干定位到 Thomas evokes a tradition of English landscape painting stretching from Samuel to Paul Nash.因此答案是 reminds people of the English landscape painting tradition.45.根据题干定位到Seven Days,consists of a single beautiful black-and-white photograph take
34、n on an epic walk.因此答案是 originates from a long walk that the artist took.翻译参考答案:翻译参考答案:大多数人将乐观定义为永远保持快乐的状态,他们永远觉得杯子有一半是满的。然而这恰恰是积极心理学家所不建议的虚假的快乐。健康的乐观意味着结合实际情况 哈佛博士泰本-沙哈尔说。据本-沙哈尔说,现实的乐观主义者是那些随遇而安的人,而不是那些把所有的事情都看做好事的人。本-沙哈尔用了三种乐观的方法,当他觉得沮丧的时候,比如说在一场糟糕的讲座之后,他安慰自己这是人之常情。他提醒自己,不是每一场讲座都能获得诺贝尔讲,一定会有一些不尽人意
35、。第二种方法是重塑,他分析自己不满意的讲座,吸取经验教训,以便确定将来的讲座里什么方式有效什么方式效果不佳。最后一种方法,要承认这种观点,在人伟大的一生中,一场讲座真的无关紧要。小作文:小作文:Dear John,My name is Li Ming.We are going to share an apartment.It is really a great honor for me to have this opportunity to write to you.The purpose of the letter is to tell you about my living habits
36、and ask for some advice on living abroad.First of all,I am a reliable person with excellent health and pleasant personality.In order to keep fit,I usually avoid eating food high in fat.And I like taking exercise every day to build a strong body.Secondly,I would be most grateful if you could grant me
37、 information concerning local customs.So much for this letter and I wonder whether I have made everything clear.Thank you for your patience in reading this letter.Hearing from you is always a highlight of my day.Yours sincerely,Li Ming 7 全国咨询电话:全国咨询电话:400-6699-366 Dear John,I am Li Ming,a Chinese gi
38、rl,your new roommate.I am writing this letter on the purpose of letting you know about me and ask for advice for my future life in America.First of all,I prefer to live in a relatively quiet environment so that your keeping silent would be appreciated.Furthermore,I usually get up at 7 a.m.and go to
39、sleep at 10p.m.,since sleeping is of great importance to us.Also,it would be grateful if you could provide me information with regard to advice about living there.Looking forward to your early reply.Yours truly,Li Ming 大作文大作文:范文一 As is clearly shown in the chart,some dramatic changes have taken plac
40、e in both the urban and rural populations in the past 20 years.From the chart,we can see that the urban population went up sharply from 3 billion in 1990 to 6.66 billion in 2010.On the contrary,the rural population was on a steady decline,from 8.34 billion to 6.74 billion.Some driving factors that c
41、ontribute to this phenomenon can be summarized as follows.First and foremost,with the rapid development of our economy,there is an increasing demand for a high-quality life,so big cities have become more attractive to young people than rural areas.Whats more,more and more people have flooded into ci
42、ties to pursue their dreams,promoting the sharp increase of the urban population.Last but not least,there is no doubt that this phenomenon has much to do with the policies that our government has adopted to speed up Chinas urbanization.Based on what has been discussed above,I hold this phenomenon is
43、 normal and should be encouraged.The relevant authorities should play a positive role in guiding this trend.Only in this way will our society become more and more wonderful.范文二 Along with the advance of the society,a social issue is brought to our attention,(description).(The phenomenon is so though
44、t-provoking that I cant help exploring the driving forces behind it.)Many factors that contribute to the phenomenon may be summarized as follows.Above all,unbalanced development causes people to move from west mountain areas to east coastal cities.Based upon a survey performed by socialists,almost 6
45、5%of the respondents regard urban life as their top priority,compared to 46%only a few years ago.Whats more,income gap between rural areas and urban districts accelerates the increasing population flow.Finally,under the background of globalization,cities can provide an easy access to the outside world and updated information.In view of the factors discussed above,all the analysis points to an unshakable conclusion.The trend does not exist in this single field,and it is bound to usher in a new era of relevant spheres.