1、 English Around the World学案Step 1 Words1. native adj. 本土的,本国的,土生的 (+to)The giant panda is native to China. 大熊猫是中国特有的动物。 She was native to Taipei. 她原籍台北。n. 本地人,本国人Are you a native here, or just a visitor? 你是本地人， 或者只是游客? 2. base n基础，基地，基部The company has its base in New York and branch offices all over
2、 the world公司总部设在纽约，分支遍布全世界。vt. 以为根据【搭配】baseon把建立在上，以为根据be based on根据，建立在上Alice always bases her opinions on the facts爱丽丝的观点总是建立在事实的基础之上。 ，Her conclusion is based on scientific research她的结论是建立在科学研究的基础上的。【经典例题】The film was made _ the World War II.A. base onB. based onC. base inD. based in【答案】B3latter
3、adj较后的，后面的，(两者中)后者的I find it hard to understand the latter part of his lecture我发现他的讲座后面部分很难理解。Did he walk or swim across the river?The latter seems unlikely他是趟过河，还是游过河?后者似乎不可能。【辨析】late，later,latter,lately1)late是形容词，表示“迟到的，晚的”。如：You are late again!你又迟到了。2)later可作形容词，是late的比较级，意为“更迟的，更后的”；也可作副词，意为“稍后，
4、随后”，常与on连用。如：We will discuss this in detail in a later chapter. 我们将在以后的一章中对这一点作详细的探讨。Ill tell you later. 我以后再告诉你。3)latter最常用的含义是“两者中的(后者)”，常与the连用，固定搭配“the former，the latter”。如：Here are Tom and David; the latter is my brother. 这是汤姆和戴维;后者是我的兄弟。4)lately是副词，意为“近来，最近”。如：Have you been to Beijing lately?你
5、最近去过北京吗?【经典例题】Did he go there by bike or on foot? The _ seems unlikely. A latter B late C later D lately【答案】A4. request1)n. 请求，要求的事情They made an urgent request for help after the big snowstorm暴风雪过后他们请求紧急援助。【搭配】at ones request=at the request of sb应某人的要求The teacher sang an English song at the request
6、of his students那位老师应学生们的要求唱了一首英文歌。 make a request(for)请求Mr. Paine made a request that I should help him. 佩恩先生要求我帮助他。2) vt 请求，要求 request sb to doI requested him to come before ten. 我要求他十点以前来。Visitors are requestud not to take photos参观者被要求不能拍照。request 后接宾语从句时，从句的谓语动词要用“should+动词原形”，should可以省略。此用法也适用于r
7、equest作名词接同位语从句，说明要求的具体内容。如：He requested the police that they(should)go there at once他请求警察马上赶去那里。The secretary made a request that they should wait outside秘书要求他们在外面等候。【经典例题】Visitors _ not to touch the exhibits.A will request B are requested C are requesting D request【答案】B5. command vt.1). 命令O2+thatI
8、 command that he go at once. 我命令他立即就去。 I command you to start at once. 我命令你立即动身。2). 指挥,统率;控制He was told to command his temper. 有人叫他控制脾气。3). 拥有,掌握n. 1) 命令CWho issued the command to fire? 谁下令开枪的?2). 控制,控制权;指挥,指挥权UHe has a hundred men under his command. 他指挥一百个人。3). 掌握;运用能力UShe has a good command of spo
9、ken English. 她的英语口语很熟练。6. recognize vt.1). 认出,识别;认识(+as)The policeman recognized her as a pickpocket. 警察认出她是个小偷。 He looked at the envelope and recognized Jennys handwriting immediately. 他看了看信封,马上认出是珍妮的笔迹。2.) 正式承认;认可,认定(+as)Many countries recognized the new government. 许多国家承认了新政府。【经典例题】Oh，its you，Xia
10、o Ming! I _youIve just had my hair cut and Im wearing new glasses Adidnt recognize Bhavent noticedChadnt observed Ddont find【答案】AStep 2 Phrases1. come up走近，到来；被提出While we were talking，a stranger came up to us and asked for some money我们在交谈时，一个陌生人走近我们，向我们要钱。The problem came up at the meeting yesterday
11、这个问题昨天在会上被提出来了。【易错】come up表示“被提出”时，主动形式表示被动含义，无需再使用被动形式。【联想】与come有关的短语come about 产生，发生 come out 出版， come up with 提出 come across 偶遇 come to 共计；涉及；达成【经典例题】Can you explain how it _ that you missed the morning classes?A came about B came to C came up D came across【答案】 A2. at present现在，目前Mother is busy p
12、reparing dinner at present妈妈现在正忙着做饭。I cant get in touch with him at present我现在无法和他取得联系。【联想】1)present n礼物，现在；2)adj出席，在场，当前的，现在的present意为 “出席，在场且作定语时，置于名词、代词之后；意为“当前的”且作定语时，置于名词之前。如：They are making a careful study of the present situation of the world他们正在仔细研究当前的世界局势。 。Everyone present at the meeting w
13、as strongly against the decision参加会议的每个人都强烈反对这项决定。3) vt. 赠送,呈献(with) They presented him with a bunch of flowers. 他们献给他一束鲜花4)presence n在场，出席I was surprised by the presence of so many people at the meeting. 这么多人出席会议使我感到吃惊。【经典例题】All the people _ at the party were his supporters.(2002北京)A. presentB. tha
14、nkfulC. interestedD. important【答案】 A3. make use of 利用【用法】use前可用good，full，poor, little等词修饰。如：As a student,you must make full use of your spare time作为学生，你必须充分利用课余时间。 -Make good use of every chance to practise speaking English and your spoken English will be better soon充分利用每一次练习说英语的机会，那么，你的英语口语很快就会变好。【
15、联想】与make有关的短语Make friends with 和交朋友 make fun of 取笑make a decision 作出决定 make a face/faces 扮鬼脸 make progress in 在取得进步【经典例题】Every minute must be made full use of _ spoken English.A to practice B practicing C practice D practised【答案】A4. such as例如，诸如此类，像这样的Ball games such as basketball and football are v
16、ery exciting球类运动，如篮球和足球，都很激动人心。【辨析】such as, for example，that is1)such as用于列举同类人或事物中的若干例子，但不能全部列出。如：Mr Wang is good at several foreign languages，such as English and French王先生精通好几门外语，比如英语和法语。 2) for example一般只列举几类人或事物中的一个”，其位置可在句首、句中或句末，经常用逗号分开。如：Mr Wang is good at several foreign languages，for exampl
17、e，English王先生精通好几门外语，比如英语。3）that is所列举的数量等同于所提人或事物的总数，也需要用逗号隔开，此时不能用such as或for example。如：Mr Wang is good at two foreign languages,that is，English and French.王先生精通两门外语，即英语和法语。Only one boy student won the first prize in the maths contest，that is，Mike只有一名男生在数学竞赛中获得一等奖，就是迈克。【经典例题】Many famous singers, _
18、Wang Fei and SHE, have acted in films.A such B for example C that is D such as【答案】D5. play a part in在中起作用，在中扮演角色Computer is playing a more and more important part in our daily life电脑在我们的日常生活中正起着越来越重要的作用。She was unhappy because she played a small part in the play她不开心是因为她在戏中扮演一个小角色。【联想】与play a part in
19、意思相同的短语有play a role in。【经典例题】The new economic development zone will _ in the development of the area. A play a leading part B take part C play leading part D take a part【答案】A6. anumberof意思是“一些，若干”（=some），后接可数名词复数或代词，谓语动词用复数形式。 anumberof词组中还可以加入形容词表示数量大或小等（例如：alarge/smallnumberof许多/少数）。 【辨析】anumberof
20、 , thenumberofthenumberof意思是“的数字/数目”，介词of同其后名词构成介词短语，修饰thenumber.当它作主语时，谓语动词用单数。例如： Manypeopletookpartin10,000-metrerace,butonlyanumberofthemkeptonrunningtotheend.许多人参加了10000米跑，但只有一些人坚持跑到底。 AnumberofmyfriendsthinkIshouldtakeaholiday. 我的一些朋友认为我应该休假。 Thenumberofstudentsisabouttwenty. 学生人数大约是20人左右。【经典例
21、题】 A number of people_ been invited to the party, but the exact number _ still unknown. A has; is B have; are C has; are D have; is【答案】DStep 3 Key sentences1Later in the next century, people from Englan made vovages to conquer other parts of the world and because of that，English began to be spoken i
22、n many other countries后来，在下个世纪，英国人开始航海征服世界其他地区。许多别的国家因此而开始说英语。(1)注意voyage是可数名词，常和make搭配构成make a voyage to或make voyages to，表 示“航行到”。单数表示一次航行。(2)初中学过because表示“因为”，与because of的区别是：because是连词，后面要跟句子，多作原因状语从句；because of中of是介词，后面只能跟名词或代词或ving作宾语。试比较：Because it was raining outside，we stayed at home=Because
23、 of the rain outside, we stayed at home因为外面下着雨，所以我们就呆在家里。【经典例题】We must not lose heart only _ the difficulty we are faced with. A because B because of C since D as【答案】B2. Native English speakers can understand each other even if they dont speak the same kind of English. 以英语作为母语的人，即使他们所讲的语言不尽相同，也可以相互理
24、解。句中“even if they dont speak the same kind of English”是让步状语从句。如：They will stand by you even ifthough you dont succeed即使你不成功，他们也将支持你。even if是一个连词短语，引导让步状语从句，含义是“即使；尽管”。当让步状语从句的动词用一般现在时表示将来的假设或一般的行为习惯时，通常用even if或even though。两者意思一样，用法也一样。【经典例题】_ I fail this time, I would try again.A If only B Even if
25、C whether D As if【答案】B3Believe it or not，there is no such thing as standard English信不信由你，没有标准英语这样的东西。1)believe it or not意为“信不信由你”，常在句中作插入语。如：Believe it or not，John will go abroad for further study next month信不信由你，约翰下个月就要出国深造了。【联想学习】常见的插入语有：1)to tell you the truth实话告诉你To tell you the truth，Ill spend
26、my summer vacation in Yunnan实话告诉你吧，我将在云南度过暑假。2)generally speaking一般说来Generally speaking，language learning needs a lot of practice一般说来，语言的学习需要大量的实践。3)you knowyou see你知道You see，my car broke down on the way你知道，我的车在途中坏了。4) I think我认为His coat，I think，is really strange他的外套，我认为，实在古怪。【经典例题】It is so nice to
27、hear from her. _, we last met more than 30 years ago. A Whats more B Thats to say C In other words D Believe it or not【答案】D(2)no such thing意为“没有这样的事情”。such与no, any, all, some, another, one，many，a few, a little等词连用时，常置于这些词之后。如：There is no such person in our school我们学校没有这样的人。I have met many such peopl
28、e我遇见过许多这样的人。【经典例题】We have _ book you are looking for.A such no B no such C not such D no such a 【答案】B4The USA is a large country in which many different dialects are spoken美国是一个使用多种方言的大国。in which引导定语从句修饰先行词country，关系代词which作介词in的宾语，in which在定语从句中作地点状语，可用where代替。如：The factory in which he once worked
29、has been dosed down他曾经工作过的工厂已被关闭。在“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句中，应根据句意与搭配的需要选择正确的介词或短语介词。如：He studies in the school at the back of which there is a river.他在背后有条河流的那所学校学习。Can you see the new building on the top of which flies a red flag?你能看见到那座楼顶飘着一面红旗的新大楼吗?【经典例题】The pen _he is writing is mine.A. with which B. in
30、 which C. on which D. by which 【答案】AThis is the reason _he didnt come to the meeting.A. in which B. with which C. that D. for which 【答案】D5. Well，go round the corner on your left-hand side-straight on and cross two streets哦，在拐角处向左拐，照直向前走。穿过两条街道。straight adv直接；挺直 adj直的；笔直的；正直的Go straight down the road
31、 and then turn left沿着这条路一直走，然后左转。He went to bed straight after supper他晚饭后直接去睡了。His friend is a tallslim girl with a straight nose他的朋友是位鼻子挺直、身材高而苗条的姑娘。As you know，his uncle is a straight man如你所知，他的叔叔是一个正直的人。【经典例题】- Lucy doesnt have curly hair.- Yes, we can say she has _ hair.A nice B blonde C short D
32、 straight【答案】DStep 4 Grammar直接引语和间接引语(II)直接引语表示请求、命令、提议时，变为间接引语看似简单，但使用起来要视句义、功能与说话者的语气、态度选择恰当的动词。学习时，应着重注意以下几个方面：1直接引语为祈使句，若表达请求、命令、要求、告知、鼓励等意思，在变为间接引语时，通常将祈使句的动词原形变成动词不定式，并视句意在动词不定式前加上asktellorder, advise，invite，warn，beg，offer, encourage等动词，祈使句中的please在间接引语中不再出现。如：“Please speak English in class，”t
33、he teacher said to usThe teacher asked us to speak English in class“Be careful with strangers, Mr Brown said to herMr Brown warned her to be careful with strangers“Mrs Smith，let me carry the heavy box for you，”said MikeMike offered to carry the heavy box for Mrs Smith若祈使句为否定式，改为间接引语时应将dont改为not to或n
34、ever to。如：“Dont forget to turn off the light，”Mother said to TomMother asked Tom not to forget to turn off the light2如果直接引语是表示劝告、建议的祈使句或疑问句，变为间接引语时，可以用suggestdoing或suggest that结构。如：Wang Ping said，“Lets take a walk after supper.”Ping suggested taking a walk after supper或：Wang Ping suggested that we s
35、hould take a walk after supper“Shall we listen to the music?” he said to me.He suggested listening to the music或：He suggested that we should listen to the music3如果直接引语是表示请求的疑问句，变为间接引语时，通常用“askadvise+sb+不定式结构”。如：“Will you help me with my lessons? Mary said to Jane Mary asked Jane to help her with her
36、 lessons“Would you mind moving over a bit?” she said to meShe asked me to move over a bit“Why dont you ask Mr Wang for help?” he said to JackHe advised Jack to ask Mr Wang for help或：He suggested Jacks asking Mr Wang for help但是：“Will you be free this aftemoon?” she said不能用上述结构，因为该问句不具备请求的功能，应按照我们在Unit 1中学习到的规则变化。4最后我们简单学习一下感叹句变间接引语的方法。由what或how引导的感叹句变为间接引语时，可用what或how引导，也可以用that引导。如：What a beautiful dress it is!” she saidShe said what a beautiful dress it was或：She said that it was a beautiful dress8
