1、PAPA小班课程Lesson 7Jack Shaw复习和作业讲评These days,the government spends（governmentsspend）a large part of its（their）budget not only on public services,but also the arts.Although I agree that it is important to spend money on public services（公共（公共服服务）务）,I do not think spending on the arts is a waste of money
2、.作业参考范文作业参考范文It is important to spend money on public services.（公共服公共服务务）“hospitals,roads and schools”There are several reasons for spending a significant amount of the government budget on public services.First and foremost,public services are the things such as hospitals,roads and schools,and thes
3、e things(指代指代)determine the quality of life（决定了生活的（决定了生活的质量）质量）that most of us will have.For example,if the government does not spend enough money on hospitals,the health of our society may decline（举例、假设、结果）举例、假设、结果）.Similarly（类比）类比）,if not enough money is spent on schools,our children may not be pr
4、operly educated.Also,it will be the poor in our society that will be affected more if we do not spend enough on these things because they are the ones（省略了（省略了who are）more dependent on such services.However,this does not mean that the arts should be completely neglected.（上（上节课学习的转折）节课学习的转折）To begin,i
5、t is difficult for many arts institutions（艺术机构）艺术机构）to generate much profit,so without some help from the government,many theatres and other such places may have to close.Moreover,the arts also have an important impact on our quality of life.Many people get great pleasure in going to see music and t
6、heatre performances so it is important that the government assists（helps）such institutions so that they can continue to provide entertainment to the public.*artistsTo sum up,there are clear benefits of ensuring a large amount of investment goes into public services（确保（确保投投资能够到公共服务上的好处非常明显）资能够到公共服务上的
7、好处非常明显）as this（指代）（指代）influences the quality of life for nearly all of us.That said（尽管如此）（尽管如此）,I do not believe spending money on the arts is a waste of money as（表原因）（表原因）this too（也）（也）provides important benefits.Although I agree that it,I do not thinkThere are several reasons for.First and foremos
8、t,.For example,if,.Similarly,if,.Also,it will because.However,this does not mean that XXX should be completely neglected.To begin,it is difficult for to,so without,.Moreover,also have an important impact on.To sum up,there are clear benefits of as.That said,I do not believe as.教育、科技、犯罪、全球（其他）教育、科技、犯
9、罪、全球（其他）母题：母题：Some believe the purpose of education is to prepare individuals to be useful to the society.While others say the purpose is to help individual to achieve personal ambitions.Discuss both views and give your opinion.提示提示：本题围绕教育的两大功能来展开：本题围绕教育的两大功能来展开(个人与社会个人与社会)，准备好这篇文章，即可应付，准备好这篇文章，即可应付
10、教育类话题中的最大分支教育类话题中的最大分支教育的功能，做到以不变应万变。对于社会角度，可以教育的功能，做到以不变应万变。对于社会角度，可以从促进经济发展、增加社会流动性从促进经济发展、增加社会流动性(social mobility)、维护社会稳定这几个方面来、维护社会稳定这几个方面来展开，对于个人，可以写改变思维模式、有利于就业和便利生活来写。展开，对于个人，可以写改变思维模式、有利于就业和便利生活来写。子题：子题：大学教育的目的是为了帮助毕业生找到更好的工作还是有更广的目的？大学教育的目的是为了帮助毕业生找到更好的工作还是有更广的目的？大学教育是否应该免费？大学教育是否应该免费？孩子的教育
11、是否应该免费？孩子的教育是否应该免费？大学应当教授理论知识还是实践技能大学应当教授理论知识还是实践技能?大学的是应当把学生培养成合格的公民还是让他们自己得益大学的是应当把学生培养成合格的公民还是让他们自己得益?准备未来职业最好的方法是上大学还是尽快离校积累工作经验准备未来职业最好的方法是上大学还是尽快离校积累工作经验?大学要不要扩招大学要不要扩招?中学阶段应当提供通才教育还是专才教育中学阶段应当提供通才教育还是专才教育?要不要延长义务教育年限要不要延长义务教育年限?要不要让农村地区的学生更容易上学要不要让农村地区的学生更容易上学?老师要教学生如何判断是非吗老师要教学生如何判断是非吗?教育教育应
12、该包括哪些内容应该包括哪些内容?1、甲方、甲方教育教育的目的在于帮助的目的在于帮助人们成为有用人们成为有用的社会的社会人才人才-各行各业；各行各业；more productive2、乙方（实际的方面、乙方（实际的方面-赚钱）赚钱）教育的意义在于有利于人们更好的发挥个人的才能教育的意义在于有利于人们更好的发挥个人的才能，没有良好没有良好的教育作为挢梁，人们的自身的才华与优势就无法实现的教育作为挢梁，人们的自身的才华与优势就无法实现，教育教育对人们实难自身价值起了不可替代的作用。对人们实难自身价值起了不可替代的作用。教育教育的另一重要目的的另一重要目的在于有助于变在于有助于变人生的人生的道路道路，
13、只有只有接受教育接受教育才能改变一个人的人生才能改变一个人的人生轨迹轨迹，教育教育对于改变个人的命运的优势对于改变个人的命运的优势是显而易见的是显而易见的05.03.12Itisgenerallybelievedthateducationisofvitalimportancetothedevelopmentofindividualsandthewell-beingofsocieties.Whatshouldeducationconsistoftofulfillboththesefunctions?07.12.08Manypeoplebelievethatmainaimforuniversity
14、educationishelpgraduatestofindbetterjob,whilesomepeoplebelievethatuniversityeducationhaswiderbenefitforindividualandsociety.Discussbothviewandgiveyouropinion.09.10.24Somepeoplethinkuniversityeducationshouldpreparestudentsforemployment.Otherpeoplethinkuniversityhasotherfunctions.Discussbothmewsandwha
15、tdoyouthinkthefunctionofuniversityeducation.大学教育的目的大学教育的目的This is the first opinion:Theaimofuniversityeducationistohelpgraduatesgetbetterjobs.This is the second opinion:Therearemuchwiderbenefitsofuniversityeducationforbothindividualsandsociety.These days,more and more people are making the choice to
16、 go to university.（背景）（背景）Whilesome people are of the opinion that the only purpose of a university education is to improve job prospects,others think that society and the individual benefit in much broader ways.It is certainly true that one of the main aims of university is to secure a better job（找
17、到一个更好的工（找到一个更好的工作）作）.The majority of people want to improve their future career prospects（将来（将来职业前景）职业前景）and attending university is one of the best ways to do this asit increases a persons marketable skills(竞争力竞争力)and attractiveness to potential employers（潜在雇主）（潜在雇主）.In addition,further education i
18、s very expensive for many people,so most would not consider it if it would not provide them with a more secure（安全的、（安全的、稳定的）稳定的）future and a higher standard of living（更高的生活水（更高的生活水平）平）.Thus job prospects are very important.However,there are other benefits for individuals and society.Firstly,the inde
19、pendence of living away from home is a benefit because it helps the students develop better social skills（提高社交技能）（提高社交技能）and improve as a person.A case in point（一个恰当的例（一个恰当的例子）子）is that many students will have to leave their families,live in halls of residence and meet new friends.As a result,their
20、maturity and confidence will grow,enabling them to live more fulfilling lives.Secondly,society will gain from the contribution that the graduates can make to the economy.We are living in a very competitive world,so countries need educated people in order to compete and prosper.Therefore,I believe th
21、at although a main aim of university education is to get the best job,there are clearly further benefits.If we continue to promote and encourage university attendance,it will lead to a better future for individuals and society.1、While some people are of the opinion.others think that.2、It is certainl
22、y true that one of the main aims of university is to secure a better job3、However,there are other benefits for individuals and society.To begin.Also.Firstly.SecondlyFor example.A case in point is that.As a resultWhile.that.in order to.as免费教育免费教育Over recent years,more and more people have been attend
23、ing university and arguments have persisted as to(关于关于with regard to)whether students should pay for this privilege not.Although there are convincing arguments on both sides,I strongly believe that it should be free.One argument（which is）put forward in favour of charging students is that education i
24、s becoming more expensive to fund as universities grow in size.Consequently,making students pay may maintain standards and ensure the quality of the teaching.In addition,it is argued that most students benefit from university in terms of higher paid jobs,so it is fair that they pay for at least some
25、 of the cost,especially given that the majority of students attending university are from the middle classes.Last but not least,in many countries,there is a shortage of people to do manual jobs such as plumbing and carpentry,so making university more expensive may encourage people to take up these j
26、obs.However,there are a number of arguments in favour of making university education free for all.Firstly,it will encourage more people to attend and this will benefit society.This is because it will lead to a more productive and educated workforce.Research has generally shown that those countries t
27、hat have a better educated population via university have higher levels of innovation and productivity.In addition,there is the issue of equality of opportunity.If all students are required to pay,those on a low income may be dissuaded from（被阻止（被阻止/不能）不能）attending,thus making it unfair.The reason fo
28、r this is that they will likely not be able to secure financial support from their family so they will be concerned about the debts they will incur in the future.In conclusion,I am of opinion that all education should remain equally available to all regardless of income.This is not only fair,but wil
29、l also ensure that countries can prosper and develop into the future with a well-educated workforce.326 Words#科技科技#1.现代通讯现代通讯科技科技People can perform everyday tasks,such as shopping and banking as well as business transactions,without meeting other people face-to-face.What are the effects of this on i
30、ndividuals and society as a whole?2.现代媒体现代媒体(电视、电脑、手机电视、电脑、手机)Some people believe that time spent on television,video and computer games can be valuable for children.Others believe this has negative effects on a child.Discuss both views and give your own opinion.3.替代替代类类话题话题Some people think that th
31、e government should establish free libraries in each town.Others believe that it is a waste of money since people can access the Internet at home to obtain information.Discuss both sides and give your own opinion.4.其它科技其它科技话题话题(与社会、生活与社会、生活类话题结合类话题结合)题目题目：飞机旅行只对富人有好处吗飞机旅行只对富人有好处吗?现代科技使人们失去创造力吗现代科技使人
32、们失去创造力吗?科技科技发展发展造成造成负面影响了吗负面影响了吗?科技科技发展是否拉大了贫富差距发展是否拉大了贫富差距?早起的科技是否比早起的科技是否比现在的现在的科技影响更大科技影响更大?科技改科技改变了人们之间的关系了吗变了人们之间的关系了吗?科技造成科技造成环境污染环境污染/使我使我们的们的生活生活变得更加复杂，我们是否要告别科技，过简单的生活变得更加复杂，我们是否要告别科技，过简单的生活?互互联网和沟通联网和沟通It is evident that,at present,people are spending a considerable amount of time on the I
33、nternet,and thus spending less time with real people.I strongly agree that although this use of the Internet has greatly increased the level of communicationavailable,it has also had detrimental effects on the amount and type of social interaction that takes place.The benefits of the Internet in ter
34、ms of increased communication are clear,with people connected across the globe.In the past,communication was only possible by phone or mail,which entailed time and expense.（People used to）It also usually meant just keeping in contact with those people already known to you.With the internet,this has
35、changed dramatically.Email and social networking sites such as Facebook and MSN have created online communities that are global in scale,and they have fostered communicationbetween people and countries that we would not have thought possible in the not too distant past.*In the near future.That said（
36、即便如此，引（即便如此，引导让步说法导让步说法）,there is no doubt in my mind that this has had negative impacts on social interaction.People,especially the younger generation,spend hours of their time online,chatting and on forums.Although this can be beneficial,it is certainly not the same as real interaction with human
37、beings and does not involve the same skills.It is important that children have and maintain real friendships in order to develop their own interpersonal skills.Not only this,it can also have negative effects on local communitiesif people are spending most of their time communicating online and not m
38、ixing in（相（相处处）their neighbourhoods,and possibly lead to feelings of isolation for those individuals who do not have a real person to turn to in times of need.To conclude,I believe that the internet has undoubtedly been beneficial,but there are good reasons to be concerned about social interaction i
39、n our societies.It is therefore important that we maintain a balance between our online life and our contact with real human beings.电脑游戏电脑游戏Access to computers has increased significantly over recent decades（发现了啥？）发现了啥？）,and the number of children playing games on computers has increased too.This es
40、say will consider the positive and negative impacts of this and discuss ways to avoid the potential negative effects.With regards to the positive effects,playing computer games can develop childrens cognitive skills（认知能认知能力）力）.Many popular games require abstract and high level thinking skills（抽象和思考的
41、能力）（抽象和思考的能力）in order to win,which may not be taught at school.For example,children need to follow instructions,solve complex problems and use logic in many of the games that are currently popular.Such experience will be beneficial to a childs progression into an adult.改装成改装成电视素材和广告素材？电视素材和广告素材？Howe
42、ver,concerns have been raised about the prolific use of（the proliferation of）computer games by children,much of this related to the violence they contain.The problem is that in many of the games children are rewarded for being more violent,and this violence is repeated again and again.For instance,m
43、any games involve children helping their character to kill,kick,stab and shoot.This may lead to increased aggressive feelings,thoughts,and behaviours.犯罪犯罪类素材类素材In order to minimize these negative impacts,parents need to take certain steps.Firstly,some video games are rated according their content,so
44、 parents must check this and ensure their children are not allowed to have access to games that are unsuitable.Parents can also set limits on the length of time games are played.Finally,parents should also take an active interest in the games their children are playing so they can find out how they
45、feel about what they are observing.To sum up,there are benefits of computer games,but there are disadvantages too.However,if parents take adequate precautions,the severity of these negative impacts can be avoided.#犯罪犯罪#1.青少年犯罪青少年犯罪In many parts of the world children and teenagers are committing more
46、 crimes.Why is this case happening?How should children or teenagers be punished?（很多年很多年轻人有一种反社会行为，原因是什么，如何解决轻人有一种反社会行为，原因是什么，如何解决?犯罪是人犯罪是人类本性，类本性，还是可以预防的还是可以预防的?）2.犯罪犯罪预防预防Unlike in most other countries,police in the UK do not commonly carry guns.Some people think it leaves citizens unprotected.But
47、others think it reduces the overall violence in our society.Discuss both sides of the view and give your opinion.（是否是否应该严惩违反交规者应该严惩违反交规者?城市中采取城市中采取预防犯罪的措施，利大于预防犯罪的措施，利大于弊弊吗吗?个人如果个人如果为所欲为，社会就无法运转，你同意吗为所欲为，社会就无法运转，你同意吗?犯罪是世界犯罪是世界问题，问题，无法无法预防，你同意吗预防，你同意吗?）3.罪犯罪犯惩处惩处Sending criminals to prison is not th
48、e best method of dealing with them.Education and job training are better ways to help them.Do you agree or disagree?（监狱除了惩罚犯罪，还有什么功能监狱除了惩罚犯罪，还有什么功能?降低犯罪的最佳方法是延降低犯罪的最佳方法是延长监狱长监狱刑期刑期吗吗?刑刑满释放人员再犯罪率很高满释放人员再犯罪率很高，为什么，如何解决为什么，如何解决?你你认为罪认为罪犯犯应该送到监狱还是应该做一些社区工作或学习一些技能应该送到监狱还是应该做一些社区工作或学习一些技能?）WRITINGTASK2You
49、shouldspendabout40minutesonthistask.Writeaboutthefollowingtopic:Inmanycitiestheuseofvideocamerasinpublicplacesisbeingincreasedinordertoreducecrime,butsomepeoplebelievethatthesemeasuresrestrictourindividualfreedom.Dothebenefitsofincreasedsecurityoutweighthedrawbacks?Givereasonsforyouranswerandinclude
50、anyrelevantexamplesfromyourownknowledgeorexperience.Writeatleast250words.摄像头摄像头审题利弊讨论的问题利弊讨论的问题Inmanycitiestheuseofvideocamerasinpublicplacesisbeingincreased inordertoreducecrime,butsomepeoplebelievethatthesemeasuresrestrictourindividualfreedom.Dothebenefitsofincreasedsecurityoutweighthedrawbacks?立意
