1、2012012012014 4 4 4 考研英语测试题四考研英语测试题四SectionSectionSectionSection I I I I UseUseUseUse ofofofof EnglishEnglishEnglishEnglishDirections:Directions:Directions:Directions:Read the following text.Choose the best word(s)for each numbered blank and mark A,B,C or D on ANSWERSHEET 1.(10 points)Alan Ace Green
2、berg chose his nickname to improve his chances with girls at the University of Missouri.But it is an apt1of his trading skills on Wall Street.This week,as the 73-year-old2down3chairman of Bear Stearns,the investment bank where he has worked since 1949 is in a high.It4an increase in post-tax profits
3、in the second quarter of 43%on a year earlier,5a time when many of itsWall Street rivals have6.On June 26th Merrill Lynch7a warning that its profits in thesecond quarter would fall by half,far8of expectations.Goldman Sachs and Morgan Stanley have alsoreported lower profits.Strange that this surprise
4、d.9Alan Greenspans frenetic cuts10interest rates,times aregood for underwriters and traders of bonds,core activities for Bear Stearns and Lehman Brothers,11also recorded a sharp increase in profits.It has been a terrible12for equity underwriters and foradvisers on the small amounts of mergers and ac
5、quisitions(M&A)this year.Merrill,Goldman and Morgan Stanley are three of the investment banks that gained13during theboom in equity and M&A business,and they are now14the most.Of the three,Merrill is weakest inbonds.It cut15its fixed-income activities after the collapse of Long-Term Capital Manageme
6、nt(LTCM)in 1998.As it happens,both Bear Stearns and Lehman have long been criticised for their weakness inequities.Mr.Greenberg is famous for worrying about even the price of a paper-clip at Bear Stearns.This used to seemterribly16,but these days other Wall Street firms are17about costs.Lay-offs are
7、18though not yet alarmingly-not least,because banks saw how Merrill Lynch lost19when the marketsrebounded quickly after the LTCM crisis.Still,if few20of improvement show soon,expect realblood-letting on Wall Street.1.A.coverB.encapsulationC.jacketD.shell2.A.goesB.comesC.stridesD.steps3.A.beB.beingC.
8、asD.to be4.A.recordedB.loggedC.chronicledD.noted5.A.duringB.atC.onD.in6.A.stumbledB.slipC.blunderedD.crept7.A.deliveredB.distributedC.conveyedD.issued8.A.outB.lackingC.lackD.short9.A.Because ofB.BecauseC.SinceD.For10.A.atB.inC.onD.upon11.A.whoB.whatC.whomD.which12.A.timeB.ageC.epochD.era13.A.mostB.m
9、uchC.a lotD.a great deal考试点w w w.ka o s h id ia n.c o m114.A.lostB.losingC.sufferingD.suffered15.A.downB.backC.offD.out16.A.unnecessaryB.unreasonableC.unpopularD.unfashionable17.A.obsessedB.worriedC.sufferedD.tormented18.A.decreasedB.increasedC.increasingD.decreasing19.A.fieldB.groundC.futureD.hope2
10、0.A.signalsB.symbolC.signsD.symptomSectionSectionSectionSectionII II II II ReadingReadingReadingReading ComprehensionComprehensionComprehensionComprehensionPartPartPartPartA A A ADirections:Directions:Directions:Directions:Read the following four texts.Answer the questions below each text by choosin
11、g A,B,C or D.Mark your answerson ANSWER SHEET 1.(40 point)TEXTTEXTTEXTTEXT1 1 1 1The news hit the British High Commission in Nairobi at nine-thirty on a Monday morning.Sandy Woodrowtook it like a bullet,jaw rigid,chest out,smack through his divided English heart.Crikey.So thats how you takea bullet.
12、Poor old Sandy.His English heart must be really divided now.This deliriously hardboiled opening setsthe tone for whats to come.White mischief?Pshaw!White plague,more like it.Sandy Woodrow is head of chancery at the British High Commission in Nairobi.The news that neatlysubdivides his heart as the no
13、vel opens is the death of a young,beautiful and idealistic lawyer turned aid workernamed Tessa Quayle.Tessa has been murdered for learning too much about the dishonest practices of a largepharmaceutical company operating in Africa.Her body is found at Lake Turkana,in northern Kenya near theborder wi
14、th Sudan.Tessas husband,Justin,is also a British diplomat stationed in Nairobi.Until now Justin hasbeen an obedient civil servant,content to toe the official linein short,a hard worker.But all that changes in theaftermath of his wifes murder.Full of righteous anger,he resolves to get to the bottom o
15、f it,come what may.The Constant Gardener has got plenty of tense moments and sudden twists and comes completely withshadowy figures lurking in the bush.There is a familiar tone of gentlemanly world-weariness to it all,whichshould keep Mr.le Carres fans happy.But the novel is also an impassioned atta
16、ck on the corruption which allowsAfrica to be used as a sort of laboratory for the testing of new medicines.Elsewhere,Mr.le Carre has denouncedthe corporate cant,hypocrisy,corruption and greed of the pharmaceutical industry.This position is excitinglydramatized in his book,even if the abuses he rail
17、s against are not exactly breaking news.In other respects The Constant Gardener is less satisfactory.Mr.le Carre cant seem to make up his mindwhether hes writing a thriller or an expose.In a recent article for the New Yorker he described his creative processas a kind of deliberately twisted journali
18、sm,where nothing is quite what it is and where any encounter may befreely recast for its dramatic possibilities.Such is the method employed in The Constant Gardener,whoseheroine,Mr.le Carre says,was inspired by an old friend of his.One or two prominent real-life Kenyan politiciansare mentioned often
19、 enough to become,in effect,characters in the story.And in a note at the end of the book Mr.le Carre thanks the various diplomats,doctors,pharmaceutical experts and old Africa hands who gave him adviceand assistance,though in the same breath he insists that the staff of the British mission in Nairob
20、i are no doubt alljolly good eggs who bear no resemblance whatsoever to heartless scoundrels in his story.Theres nothing wrong with a bit of artistic license,of course.But Mr.le Carres equivocation about the考试点w w w.ka o s h id ia n.c o m2novels relation to fact undermines its effectiveness as a wor
21、k of social criticism which is pretty clearly what itaspires to be.The Constant Gardener is a cracking thriller but a flawed exploration of a complicated set ofpolitical issues.21.The Constant Gardener is a.A.filmB.comedyC.novelD.document22.The thriller is always full of the following features EXCEP
22、T.A.tense instantsB.truth-exposureC.frightening backgroundD.sudden twists23.The characters in The Constant Gardener are NOT.A.connected with the authors friendsB.based on real-life peopleC.similar to the staff of the British MissionD.outside to the real life24.Equivocation(Line 1,Last paragraph)mean
23、s.A.clear attitudeB.effectivenessC.ambiguous wordsD.determination25.Which is the authors attitude to Mr.le Carre?A.disappointedB.indifferentC.criticalD.appreciativeTEXTTEXTTEXTTEXT2 2 2 2One of the comical moments in the early history of printing occurred in 1631,when the English printerRobert Barke
24、r produced an edition of the scriptures which became known as the Wicked Bible.This editioncontained a misprint of the seventh commandment.One thousand copies were printed and ready for publicationbefore someone noticed that the commandment had been changed to Thou shalt commit adultery.Nothing much
25、came of it.The printer was fined,the copies destroyed and the moral fiber of the nation remained intact.But what happens when the verse at issue is not merely a printers error but an ancient interpolation into aneven more ancient text?Such was the case with 1 John 5:7,the biblical proof-text for the
26、 doctrine of the Trinity.Erasmus,Sir Isaac Newton and John Locke,among others,challenged the texts authenticity.When Erasmus leftthe verse out of the first edition of his monumental Greek New Testament(1516),he was roundly criticized for考试点w w w.ka o s h id ia n.c o m3encouraging heresies,schisms an
27、d conflicts.Erasmuss critics knew that approaching the Bible in ascholarly fashion was dangerous;even the most pious attempts at rational understanding of scripture could resultin skepticism.How can one appraise the Bible critically and still maintain its authority?In his engaging and very thorough
28、book,David Katz explores the ways this question was addressed inEngland from the Reformation onward.Aprofessor at Tel Aviv University,Katz is the author of The Jews in theHistory of England,1485-1850 and a host of books and articles on early-modern skepticism and religion.InGods LastWords,Katz maint
29、ains that every era responds to the Bible differently based on shifting culturalassumptions,and he examines the lens through which the Bible was read in various historical moments.WhileReformation leaders accepted the transparency of the Bibles message,by the late 17th century,this view could nolong
30、er be maintained,Katz states.During the 18th century the Bible came to be regarded as just another literarytextone which increasingly had to conform to contemporary standards of realism.As Darwins theories becamewidely known,19thcentury readers applied an evolutionary model to the Bible and began to
31、 see it as theproduct of a primitive mentality very different from their own.These new ways of reading the Bible seemed todestroy its authority completely until the fundamentalist movement reasserted the old Protestant belief in theBibles sole authority.26.Why was the edition printed by Robert Barke
32、r called the Wicked Bible?A.Because it contained a mistake.B.Because it allowed people to commit adultery.C.Because the original content of the Bible was changed a lot in this edition.D.Because a misprint of this edition affected the original meaning.27.What is the meaning of interpolation(Line 2,Pa
33、ra.2)?A.misinterpretationB.interpretationC.translationD.explanation28.Erasmuss work was criticized as heresies because.A.he adapted the BibleB.he approached the scripture in a scholarly fashionC.he appraised the scripture criticallyD.he understood the scripture rationally29.Katzs attitude to the ada
34、ptation of the Bible is.A.positiveB.negativeC.skepticalD.indifferent30.Which of the following statements is NOT true?A.Reformation leaders through all the messages in the Bible were original.B.People in 18th century can adapt the Bible to their wills.C.The Bible was looked upon as the primitive peop
35、les thoughts in 19th century.D.The Bibles authority was reassumed through the fundamentalist movement.考试点w w w.ka o s h id ia n.c o m4TEXTTEXTTEXTTEXT3 3 3 3Enough is never enough,not when the government believes that it can invade your privacy withoutrepercussions.The Justice Department wants a fed
36、eral judge to force Google to turn over millions of privateInternet Searches.Google is rightly fighting the demand,but the government says America Online,Yahoo andMSN,Microsofts Online Service,have already complied with similar requests.This is not about national security.The Justice Department is m
37、aking this baldfaced grab to try to support anonline pornography law that has been blocked once by the Supreme Court.And its not the first time weve seenthis sort of behavior.The government has zealously protected the PatriotActs power to examine library records.Itsought the private medical historie
38、s of a selected group of women,saying it needed the information to defend thePartial-BirthAbortion BanAct in the federal courts.The furor is still raging over President Bushs decision to permit spying on Americans without warrants.Andthe government now wants what could be billions of search terms en
39、tered into Googles web pages and possibly amillion website addresses to go along with them.Protecting minors from the nastier material on the Internet is a valid goal;the courts have asked thegovernment to test whether technologies for filtering out the bad stuff are effective.And the government has
40、ntasked for users personal data this time around.Whats frightening is that the Justice Department is trying onceagain to dig up information first and answer questions later,if at all.Had Google not resisted the governmentsattempt to seize records,would the public have ever found about the request?Th
41、e battle raises the question of how much of our personal information companies should be allowed to holdonto in the first place.Without much thought,Internet users have handed over vast quantities of privateinformation to corporations.Many people dont realize that some harmlessly named cookies in pe
42、rsonalcomputers allow companies to track visits to various websites.Internet users permit their e-mail to be read by people and machines in ways they would never tolerate fortheir old-fashioned mail.And much of that information is now collected and stored by companies like Google.When pressed on pri
43、vacy issues,Googlewhose informal motto is Dont be evilsays it can be trusted withthis information.But profiling consumers behavior is potentially profitable for companies.And once catalogued,information can be abused by the government as well.Either way,the individual citizen loses.31.In the opening
44、 paragraph,the author introduces his topic by.A.posing a contrastB.justifying an assumptionC.making a comparisonD.presenting a phenomenon32.The Justice Department made such a decision in order to.A.ensure the national securityB.get some private personal dataC.fight against pornographyD.defend the wo
45、mens rights33.By introducing the example of government seeking private medical information,the author intends toshow.A.this kind of behavior is very commonB.the government did so for public good考试点w w w.ka o s h id ia n.c o m5C.it is reasonable for the government to take such actionD.the government
46、made great efforts in protecting the PatriotAct power34.What does the last sentence of the fourth paragraph imply?A.Google shouldnt resist the governments attempt.B.The public didnt know the request.C.The government had successfully seized records.D.The public knew the truth thanks to Google.35.What
47、 can be inferred from the last paragraph?A.Internet users dont allow their personal information known by others.B.Google will ensure customers personal information be protected.C.Internet users interests will be affected ultimately.D.The government may make profits by seizing the records.TEXTTEXTTEX
48、TTEXT4 4 4 4Even for overachievers who are used to multitasking,the idea of watching two versions of the sametelevision show at the same timeone on television and one on a computeris something that is probablyforeign to most people over the age of 30.Tothe eternally young brains that runMTV,however,
49、it is the next stepin reshaping their business.Beginning this summer with the MTV Video Music Awards and continuing in the fall with the cablechannels live afternoon program,Total Request Live,MTV will offer two simultaneous versions of each show,one on television and another,focusing on a behind-th
50、e-scenes narrative,on its broadband channel,MTVOverdrive.Wedo tons of research on our audience,and it shows that they are instant messaging and listening to musicand watching TV all at the same time,said Christina Norman,president ofMTV.Weve definitely seen thembecome more adept at navigating throug
