1、unit 8,prefixation,Prefixes indicating degree or size,Micro-extremely small(microcomputer,microsurgery)Macro-large(macroeconomics,macrostructure)Mini-little(miniskirt,minibus)Tele-over a long distance;by or for television(telescope,teleswitch),Quitters are winners,bulldogs are losers,Passage 1,Backg
2、round information,Warming Up,If at first you dont succeed,try,try again.,This is a well-known saying both in the US and the UK.It first appeared in an American schoolbook in 1840,and was intended to encourage children to do their homework.,Bulldog,a dog with short hair,a short neck and large head,an
3、d short thick legswell-known for its strong,determined character,Active reading 1:Embarkation,Warm-up activity,A story,Active reading 1:Embarkation,More,Read the story from Aesops Fable and answer the questions.(P.128)1 Why couldnt the fox get the grapes?2 How hard did he try to get them?3 What did
4、he say when he realized he would never get the grapes?4 Would you have said the same thing?5.Do you think the fox is a loser or a winner?,A story,Active reading 1:Embarkation,1 Why couldnt the fox get the grapes?Because they were too far away to be reached.2 How hard did he try to get them?He tried
5、very hard.He tried all the tricks he knew.3 What did he say when he realised he would never get the grapes?He said,“It doesnt matter.The grapes were probably bad in any case.”4 Would you have said the same thing?To be honest,I might have said the same thing!,Main idea,This passage distinguishes betw
6、een Bulldogs and Quitters:Bulldogs never give up,whatever it is,whereas Quitters give up and turn to something else when they realize that a goal cannot be attained.The passage argues that Bulldogs are more likely to suffer from health problems.,Text organization,Four genres of writing,NarrationDesc
7、riptionExpositionArgumentation,Text organisation,Active reading 1:Navigation,quitter vs bulldogs,quitters:give up on unattainable goals,bulldogs:persist at any cost,are physically&mentally healthier than,quitters,bulldogs,psychological experiments,bulldog:better physical health,bulldog:more realisti
8、c goals,If you dont succeed,try,try again.,If at first you dont succeed,try,try again.But if you dont succeed,you dont always fail.Listen to your body and your mind.Thats where youl find your success as a human being.Thats where the survival of the species lies.,Difficult sentences,1.“If at first yo
9、u dont succeed,try,try again,said the pessimistic comedian,W.C.Fields,then quit.Theres no point in being a damn fool about it.”(para.1),“如果你第一次没成功，就再试一次吧。”悲观厌世的喜剧演员W.C.菲尔德斯说，“如果第二次又没成功的话，就放弃。在这件事上，没必要当该死的傻瓜。”,2.Since the Founding Fathers arrived in America,our children have been bombarded with messa
10、ges about the value of determination in the face of adversity.（para.3）,自从制宪元勋们来到美国，我们的孩子们就一直被大量地灌输在逆境面前要坚定果敢的重要性。,3.Furthermore,Bulldogs suffered much more from long periods of stress,during which they had a higher level of a particular protein which indicates a form of inflammation linked to severa
11、l serious diseases,including killers like diabetes and heart disease.(para.6),另外，“硬汉”长期承受压力，体内某种蛋白质的含量更高。这表明其患有炎症，而这种炎症能够导致多种严重的疾病，包括糖尿病和心脏病等致命疾病。,5.So why do Bulldogs finally say,Enough is enough?In fact,it appears that their physical recovery comes through melancholy,or mild depression.Some go thr
12、ough a period of passivity,during which they shut down.(para.8),那么，为什么“硬汉”最后会说“真是受够了”呢？在身体康复的过程中，他们实际上似乎克服了消沉或者轻度抑郁症。有些人在此过程中会有一段消沉的时间，变得消极懈怠。,6.Melancholy can actually help most of us to give up on the Olympic gold medal and preserve the human species.(para.8),抑郁症实际上可以帮助我们中的大多数人放弃不切实际的奥运金牌的念头，而且还有助
13、于保护人类。,7.For young people,its part of creating an individual identity in the world.But as we grow older,we adjust these aspirations or abandon them when we find that either we cannot achieve them or other more important targets attract us.(para.9),对年轻人来说，这是在世上确立个人身份时必做的一件事。但是随着年龄的增长当我们发现自己无法实现这些志向，或
14、者发现另外一些吸引我们的更重要的目标时，我们会调整或者放弃这些志向。,8.Listen to your body and your mind.Thats where youll find your success as a human being.Thats where the survival of the species lies.(para.10),听从身心的指引，那是你作为一个人可以发现自我成功的地方，那是人类赖以生存的地方。,Words and phrases(I),persist v.,to continue to do something in a determined way
15、n.persistence a.persistent Work in pairs and fill in the blanks with the three words.Fog will _ throughout the night.Discover through _investigation.By _ many countries won freedom.,Active reading 1:Resources,persist,persistent,persistence,specifically ad.,Work in pairs and complete the sentences,us
16、ing the pictures.,Active reading 1:Resources,for one particular thing or type of thing,Shen Xue and Zhao Hongbo prepared _ for the Winter Olympic Games in Vancouver,2010.,We need to protect endangered animals,_ giant panda.,Shen Xue&Zhao Hongbo,specifically,specifically,negative a.,harmful or bad vs
17、 positive,Active reading 1:Resources,Work in pairs and translate the sentences or phrases.negative outlook on life positive and negative effect If x is positive then-x is negative.,对生活的消极态度,正负作用,假如x为正，-x 为负,minor a.,n.&v.,a.not very important in comparison with people or things of the same type n.(m
18、ainly Am E)a university or college subject or area of study that is less important and involves less work than a students main subject v.minor in(Am E):to study a particular subject at university or in college in addition to your main subject minor vs major minority vs majority,Active reading 1:Reso
19、urces,More,minor,major,minority,majority,Active reading 1:Resources,Work in pairs and fill in the blanks.A tiny _ of them(0.5 per cent)enjoyed the music.An overwhelming _ of the students opposed the rule.Carol survived a _ operation.He had two _ this semester.He _ in history and Greek.,minority,majo
20、rity,major,minors,minored,disorder n.,an illness or medical condition,Active reading 1:Resources,Work in pairs and explain the pictures.,eating disorder,sleep disorder,anxiety disorder,depression n.,Active reading 1:Resources,1.a feeling of being extremely unhappy a period of time when there is a lo
21、t of 2.unemployment or poverty because there is little economic activityWork in pairs and translate the sentences into Chinese.1.Global economic depression is a headache to most governments.全球性的经济萧条是让大多数政府头痛的事情。2.Recovery from depression is like recovery from heart disease or alcoholism从消沉中恢复就像从心脏病或
22、酒精中毒中康复一样难。,in terms/in terms of,Active reading 1:Resources,The celebration marked their wedding _ formality.,Lin Chi-ling is one of the Taiwans top supermodels in terms of _.,in the case of Work in pairs and complete the sentences,using the pictures.,in terms of,popularity,aspiration n.,something t
23、hat you want to achieve Work in pairs and translate the sentences into Chinese.Catherine has no aspiration for fame or gain.He cherishes a great aspiration.,Active reading 1:Resources,凯瑟琳不图名利。,他胸怀壮志。,Words and phrases(II),At any cost(para.2)In the face of(para.3)Be linked to(para.4)Distinguish betwe
24、en(para.6),Topic Discussing,If you were to choose,would you like to be a Bulldog or a Quitter?Why?,Walk your way to health,Passage 2,Medical terms,cognitive decline the case when mental abilities becomes less or worse so that a person cannot use them as well as before.mental agility With it,people c
25、an think quickly,solve problems and have new ideas.Alzheimers disease a serious illness affecting thebrainthat makes it difficult to remember things and becomes worse as time passes,Active reading 2:Embarkation,Back,Difficult sentences,1.Researchers claim that humans are designed to walk.Having spen
26、t seven million years of our history walking,now,all of a sudden,were sitting down.(para.2),研究人员声称人生来就是要步行的。700万年以来，我们一直在步行，但是现在，突然之间我们坐了下来，,2.Among many benefits is the glow of good health.(para.4),这会带来很多益处，如令人容光焕发。,3.But you must commit yourself to walking regularly.Its normal that the desire for
27、exercise comes and goes,and we need to be in the right mood.(para.6),但是你必须坚持有规律地步行。锻炼身体的欲望时强时弱是很正常的，因此我们需要保持良好的心态。,4.The key to developing a lifetime commitment to exercise is to find something you enjoy doing,something which is fun,motivating,has variety,achieves the physical results you want,and f
28、its into your life.(para.6),要养成终生锻炼身体的好习惯，关键在于找到你喜欢做的事情，这些事情要有意思、有激励作用、能不断翻新花样、能达到你想要的体能效果，并且能融入你的生活。,5.Stand tall,and focus 56 metres ahead of you.Keep your shoulders relaxed,bend your elbows,and cup your hands(dont clench your fists).Lead with your heel,and take a stride forwards.(para.7),挺起胸膛，目光直
29、视正前方56米远的地方。放松肩膀、曲臂、窝起手掌（不要握拳）。抬起脚后跟，向前迈步。,6.For extra variation,you can walk on soft surfaces,such as sand and gravel,or uphill.This will use more energy,because each time you step down,youll leave a depression,so you have to work harder to take the next step.（para.7）,为了体验更多不同的感觉，你可以在柔软的路面上如在沙滩或砾石路
30、上行走，或者走上坡路。这会消耗更多的能量，因为你每踩一步，都会留下一个坑，因此你就不得不更加用力去迈出下一步。,7.For some doctors,walking is as close to the magic bullet as youll find in modern medicine,an all-round cure for the destructive stresses of the 21st century.(para.9)magic bullet:a medicine designed to cure an illness quickly and completely.Mo
31、re generally,it can refer to a quick and easy solution to a serious problem.,对于一些医生来说，步行“差不多就是现代医学的特效药”，能消除21世纪所有毁灭性的压力。,Words and phrases,glow n.,Active reading 2:Resources,the pink or red colour that your skin has when you are healthy;a soft light,Work in pairs and make sentences by using the imag
32、e.,The rose has released her inner glow.,The rosy glow of the flower charmed the nature lovers.,More,enhance v.,Active reading 2:Resources,to improve sth,or make it more attractive or valuable,Work in pairs.Translate the phrases.,加强健身,发展体育运动,提高英语水平,alert a.&n.,Active reading 2:Resources,a.able to th
33、ink in a clear and intelligent way;+to paying attention to what is happening and ready to react quickly if necessary Work in pairs.Look at the picture and make sentences with alert as an adjective.,More,_your surroundings and follow all the rules of the road.,Be alert to,alert a.&n.,Active reading 2
34、:Resources,n.a warning that sth may affect them Work in pairs and translate the phrases.red alert highest alert on the alert,紧急戒备状态；紧急警报,一级戒备,最高级戒备,警戒着;随时准备着,relieve v.,Work in pairs and discuss the ways of relieving stress.,Active reading 2:Resources,to make pain or bad physical feeling less unplea
35、sant,relieving stress with foot massage,relieving stress with acupuncture,relieving stress with Yoga,immune a.,Active reading 2:Resources,safe from a disease,because you cannot be infected by it e.g.immune system2)(from/to)not influenced or affected by sth,motivate v.,Active reading 2:Resources,More
36、,to make someone determined to do sth or enthusiastic about doing it(n.motivation),Both intrinsic and extrinsic motivations matter.,motivate v.,Work in pairs and fill in the blanks with the correct form of the words._ yourself!Cathy is a highly _ employer.You can quickly _ your team in the right dir
37、ection.His fathers death was a _ factor to his success.,Active reading 2:Resources,Motivate,motivated,motivate,motivating,build up:to make sb.bigger,healthier,and stronger,esp.by making them eat more 使更强壮；增进的健康；增强的体力(para.4)e.g.1.Good food builds up the body.好的食物可以增强体质。2.The weightlifting built up h
38、is body.举重增强了他的体质。,Words&Phrases,Words&Phrases,go back to doing sth.:to start doing sth.again after you have stopped for a period of time 重新开始；又接下去做(para.6)e.g.1.I now look forward to going back to working as soon as possible.我现在盼望尽快回到工作中。2.Once you have made a list,you can go back to delivering tho
39、se mails more efficiently.一旦你列了清单，你就可以更高效地接着派发那些邮件了。,Words&Phrases,fit into:to be part of a group or system 成为的一部分(para.6)e.g.1.Any new buildings must be fitted into the existing appearance of the city.任何新建筑都必须与全城的市容协调一致。2.This square watermelon may look strange,but it will fit into your fridge a lot easier.这种方形西瓜形状是奇怪了些，但把它放在冰箱里储存确实容易多了。,Topic Discussing,
