1、2010年逐词逐句精讲册Section IUse of English“霍桑效应”遭到质疑原文朗读词汇讲解P第一段1In 1924 Americas National Research Council sent two engineers to supervise a series ofexperiments at a telephone-parts factory called the Hawthorne Plant near Chicago.【词汇注释】councilkaunsln.委员会telephone part电话配件supervisesup3vaIz.监督；指导plantpla:t
2、n.T厂【结构切分】called the Hawthornea telephone-partsat a telephone-parts factoryPlant near Chicago.factory的后置定语地点状语、主干：n1924Americas National Research Council senttwo engineers时间状语主语谓语宾语宾语two engineers的补足语to supervise a series of experiments【全句译文】1924年，美国国家科学研究委员会派了两名工程师到芝加哥附近一家名为霍桑工厂的电话配件厂去指导一系列的实验。2It
3、hoped they would learn how shop-floor lighting affected workersproductivity.【词汇注释】shop f1oor(工厂工人的)工作场所affectafekty.影响lightinglaon.照明productivityprodAktvatin.生产效率【结构切分】主句：It hopedhoped的(tha)they would learnwould learnhowshop-floor lighting affected workersproductivity主语谓语宾语从句引导词主语谓语的宾语从句引导词主语谓语宾语【全句
4、译文】委员会希望他们能弄清楚车间照明是如何影响工人的生产效率的。3Instead,the studies ended up giving their name to the Hawthorne effect,the extremelyinfluential idea that the very act of being experimented upon changed subjectsbehavior.【词汇注释】effectrfektn.效应actektn.行为influentialnfluenjla.有影响的experiment upon sb对某人进行实验veryveria.正是的；恰
5、好的subjectsAbd3ktn.实验对象【结构切分】主句：Instead,the studies ended up giving their name to the Hawthorne effect,状语主语谓语主语the studies的补足语the“Hawthorne effect的同位语个the extremely influential ideathe extremely influential ideaf的同位语从句个that the very act of being experimented upon changed subjectsbehavior.导词主语谓语宾语【全句译
6、文】但相反.这些研究最终得出了一个以其所在地为名的“霍桑效应”：这一极具影响力的观点认为.正是受试这一行为改变了实验对象的行为方式第二段1 The idea arose because of the perplexing behavior of the women in the plant.【词汇注释】arise3raz.l兜perplexingpopleksipa.令人费解的【结构切分】The idea arose because of the perplexing behavior of the women in the plant.主语谓语原因状语【全句译文】这种观点之所以出现，是由于厂
7、内女工令人费解的行为。2According to accounts of the experiments,their hourly output rose when lighting was increased,but also when it was dimmed.【词汇注释】according to.据(所说)outputautputn.产量account3kaontn.描述riseralzv,增加hourlyavalia.每小时的dimdm.使变暗【结构切分】According to accounts of the experiments.状语主句：their hourly output
8、 rose时间状语从句1lwhen lighting was increased.主语谓语引导词主语被动态谓语时间状语从句2but also when it was dimmed连词引导词主语被动态谓语【全句译文】根据实验的描述，当照明增强时，她们每小时的产量增加：照明减弱时，她们每小时产量也增加。3It did not matter what was done in the experiment;so long as something was changed,productivity rose.23Contrary to the descriptions on record,no syst
9、ematic evidence was found that levels ofproductivity were related to changes in lighting.【词汇注释】contrary to.与相反evidenceevidansn.证据on record记录在案levelhevn.程度；水平systematicSIstmatika.系统性的be related to.和相关的，有联系的【结构切分】Contrary to the descriptions on record,systematic evidence的同位语从句状语主句：no systematic eviden
10、ce was foundthat levels of productivity were related to changes in lighting主语被动态谓语引导词主语被动态谓语宾语【全句译文】与记录中的描述相反，没有发现系统性的证据证明生产效率的水平与照明的变化有关。第四段DIt turns out that the peculiar way of conducting the experiments may have led to misleadinginterpretations of what happened.【词汇注释】turn out结果是lead to sth导致，造成（
11、某事发生）peculiarprkju:lio(r)a.特殊的misleadingmsli:da.误导的conductkandAktv.实施：进行interpretationInt3prteIfnn.解释【结构切分】what happened.of conducting the experiments主语谓语the peculiar way的后置定语of的宾语从句主句：turns out主语从句that the peculiar way may have led to misleading interpretations of形式主语谓语引导词主语谓语宾语【全句译文】结果发现，进行实验的特殊的方式可能导致了对当时的情况具有误导性的解读。2For example,lighting was always changed on a Sunday.【结构切分】For example,lightingwas always changedon a Sunday状语主语谓语时间状语【全句译文】例如，照明条件总是在周日更改。3When work started again on Monday,output duly rose compared with the previous Saturdayand continued to rise for the next couple of days.
