1、4.填（书）写部分必须使用黑色字迹签字笔书写，字迹工整、笔迹清楚；涂写部分必须使用 2B 铅笔填涂。5.考试结束，将答题卡和试题册按规定交回。（以下信息考生必须认真填写）考生编号考生姓名2011 年全国硕士研究生招生考试考研资料【公众号：考研题库】永久免费分享！Directions:Section I Use of English Read the following text.Choose the best word(s)for each numbered blank and mark A,B,C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1.(lOpoints)Ancient Greek
2、philosopher Aristotle viewed laughter as a bodily exercise precious to health.But 1 some claims to the contrary,laughing probably has little influence on physical fitness.Laughter does 2 short-term changes in the function of the heart and its blood vessels,3 heart rate and oxygen consumption.But bec
3、ause hard laughter is difficult to 4,a good laugh is unlikely to have 5 benefits the way,say,walking or jogging does.6 instead of straining muscles to build them,as exercise does,laughter apparently accomplishes the_7 _.Studies dating back to the 1930s indicate that laughter _8_ muscles,decreasing m
4、uscle tone for up to 45 minutes after the laugh dies down.Such bodily reaction might conceivably help 9 the effects of psychological stress.Anyway,the act of laughing probably does produce other types of 10 feedback that improve an individuals emotional state.11 one classical theory of emotion,our f
5、eelings are partially rooted 12 physical reactions.It was argued at the end of the 19th century that humans do not cry 13 they are sad but they become sad when the tears begin to flow.Although sadness also 14 tears,evidence suggests that emotions can flow 15 muscular responses.In an experiment publi
6、shed m 1988,social psychologist Fritz Strack of the University of Wilrzburg in Germany asked volunteers to _lQ_ a pen either with their teeth-thereby creating an artificial smile-or with their lips,which would produce a(n)17 expression.Those forced to exercise their smiling muscles 18 more enthusias
7、tically to funny cartoons than did those whose mouths were contracted in a frown,19 that expressions may influence emotions rather than just the other way around.20,the physical act of laughter could improve mood.-1-考研资料【公众号：考研题库】永久免费分享！1.A among2.A reflect3.A stabilizing4.A transmit5.A measurable6.
8、A In turn7.A opposite8.A hardens9.A aggravate10.A physical11.A Except for12.A with13.A unless14.A exhausts15.A into16.A fetch17.A disappointed18.A adapted19.A suggesting20.A EventuallyPart A Directions:B exceptC despiteD likeB demandC indicateD produceB boosting C impairingD determiningB sustainC ev
9、aluateD observeB manageableC affordableD renewableB In factC In additionD In briefB impossibleC averageD expectedB weakensC tightensD relaxesB generate C moderateD enhanceB mentalC subconsciousD internalB According toC Due toD As forB onC inD atB untilC ifD becauseB follows C precedesD suppressesB f
10、romC towardsD beyondB biteC pickD holdB excitedC joyfulD indifferentB cateredC turnedD reactedB requiringC mentioningD supposingB ConsequentlyC SimilarlyD ConverselySection II Reading Comprehension Read the following four texts.Answer the questions below each text by choosing A,B,C or D.Mark your an
11、swers on ANSWER SHEET 1.(40 points)-2-考研资料【公众号：考研题库】永久免费分享！Text 1 The decision of the New York Philharmonic to hire Alan Gilbert as its next music director has been the talk of the classical-music world ever since the sudden announcement of his appointment in 2009.For the most part,the response has
12、been favorable,to say the least.Hooray!At last!wrote Anthony Tommasini,a sobersided classical-music critic.One of the reasons why the appointment came as such a surprise,however,is that Gilbert is comparatively little known.Even Tommasini,who had advocated Gilberts appointment in the Times,calls him
13、 an unpretentious musician with no air of the formidable conductor about him.As a description of the next music director of an orchestra that has hitherto been led by musicians like Gustav Mahler and Pierre Boulez,that seems likely to have struck at least some Times readers as faint praise.For my pa
14、rt,I have no idea whether Gilbert is a great conductor or even a good one.To be sure,he performs an impressive variety of interesting compositions,but it is not necessary for me to visit A very Fisher Hall,or anywhere else,to hear interesting orchestral music.All I have to do is to go to my CD shelf
15、,or boot up my computer and download still more recorded music from iTunes.Devoted concertgoers who reply that recordings are no substitute for live performance are missing the point.For the time,attention,and money of the artloving public,classical instrumentalists must compete not only with opera
16、houses,dance troupes,theater companies,and museums,but also with the recorded performances of the great classical musicians of the 20th century.These recordings are cheap,available everywhere,and very often much higher in artistic quality than todays live performances;moreover,they can be consumed a
17、t a time and place of the listeners choosing.The widespread availability of such recordings has thus brought about a crisis in the institution of the traditional classical concert.One possible response is for classical performers to program attractive new music that is not yet available on record.Gi
18、lberts own interest in new music has been widely noted:Alex Ross,a classical-music critic,has described him as a man who is capable of turning the Philharmonic into a markedly different,more vibrant organization.But what will be the nature of that difference?Merely expanding the orchestras repertoir
19、e will not be enough.If Gilbert and the Philharmonic are to succeed,they must first change the relationship between Americas oldest orchestra and the new audience it hopes to attract.-3-考研资料【公众号：考研题库】永久免费分享！21.We learn from Paragraph 1 that Gilberts appointment hasA incurred criticism.B raised suspi
20、cion.C received acclaim.D aroused curiosity.22.Tommasini regards Gilbert as an artist who isA influential.B modest.C respectable.D talented.23.The author believes that the devoted concertgoersA ignore the expenses of live performances.B reject most kinds of recorded performances.C exaggerate the var
21、iety oflive performances.D overestimate the value of live performances.24.According to the text,which of the following is true ofrecordings?A They are often inferior to live concerts in quality.B They are easily accessible to the general public.C They help improve the quality of music.D They have on
22、ly covered masterpieces.25.Regarding Gilberts role in revitalizing the Philharmonic,the author feelsA doubtful.B enthusiastic.C confident.D puzzled.-4-考研资料【公众号：考研题库】永久免费分享！Text2 When Liam McGee departed as president of Bank of America in August,his explanation was surprisingly straight up.Rather tha
23、n cloaking his exit in the usual vague excuses,he came right out and said he was leaving to pursue my goal of running a company.Broadcasting his ambition was very much my decision,McGee says.Within two weeks,he was talking for the first time with the board of Hartford Financial Services Group,which
24、named him CEO and chairman on September 29.McGee says leaving without a position lined up gave him time to reflect on what kind of company he wanted to run.It also sent a clear message to the outside world about his aspirations.And McGee isnt alone.In recent weeks the No.2 executives at Avon and Ame
25、rican Express quit with the explanation that they were looking for a CEO post.As boards scrutinize succession plans in response to shareholder pressure,executives who dont get the nod also may wish to move on.A turbulent business environment also has senior managers cautious of letting vague pronoun
26、cements cloud their reputations.As the first signs of recovery begin to take hold,deputy chiefs may be more willing to make the jump without a net.In the third quarter,CEO turnover was down 23%from a year ago as nervous boards stuck with the leaders they had,according to Liberum Research.As the econ
27、omy picks up,opportunities will abound for aspiring leaders.The decision to quit a senior position to look for a better one is unconventional.For years executives and headhunters have adhered to the rule that the most attractive CEO candidates are the ones who must be poached.Says Korn/Ferry senior
28、partner Dennis Carey:I cant think of a single search Ive done where a board has not instructed me to look at sitting CEOs first.Those who jumped without a job havent always landed in top positions quickly.Ellen Marram quit as chief of Tropicana a decade ago,saying she wanted to be a CEO.It was a yea
29、r before she became head of a tiny Internet-based commodities exchange.Robert Willumstad left Citigroup in 2005 with ambitions to be a CEO.He finally took that post at a major financial institution three years later.Many recruiters say the old disgrace is fading for top performers.The financial cris
30、is has made it more acceptable to be between jobs or to leave a bad one.The traditional rule was its safer to stay where you are,but thats been fundamentally inverted,says one headhunter.The people whove been hurt the worst are those whove stayed too long.-5-考研资料【公众号：考研题库】永久免费分享！26.When McGee announ
31、ced his departure,his manner can best be described as beingA arrogant.B frank.C self-centered.D impulsive.27.According to Paragraph 2,senior executives quitting may be spurred byA their expectation of better financial status.B their need to reflect on their private life.C their strained relations wi
32、th the boards.D their pursuit of new career goals.28.The word poached(Line 3,Paragraph 4)most probably meansA approved of.B attended to.C hunted for.D guarded against.29.It can be inferred from the last paragraph thatA top performers used to cling to their posts.B loyalty of top performers is gettin
33、g out-dated.C top performers care more about reputations.D its safer to stick to the traditional rules.30.Which of the following is the best title for the text?A CEOs:Where to Go?B CEOs:All the Way Up?C Top Managers Jump without a NetD The Only Way Out for Top Performers-6-考研资料【公众号：考研题库】永久免费分享！Text3
34、 The rough guide to marketing success used to be that you got what you paid for.No longer.While traditional paid media-such as television commercials and print advertisements-still play a major role,companies today can exploit many alternative forms of media.Consumers passionate about a product may
35、create earned media by willingly promoting it to friends,and a company may leverage owned media by sending e-mail alerts about products and sales to customers registered with its Web site.The way consumers now approach the process of making purchase decisions means that marketings impact stems from
36、a broad range of factors beyond conventional paid media.Paid and owned media are controlled by marketers promoting their own products.For earned media,such marketers act as the initiator for users responses.But in some cases,one marketers owned media become another marketers paid media-for instance,
37、when an e-commerce retailer sells ad space on its Web site.We define such sold media as owned media whose traffic is so strong that other organizations place their content or e-commerce engines within that environment.This trend,which we believe is still in its infancy,effectively began with retaile
38、rs and travel providers such as airlines and hotels and will no doubt go further.Johnson&Johnson,for example,has created BabyCenter,a stand-alone media property that promotes complementary and even competitive products.Besides generating income,the presence of other marketers makes the site seem obj
39、ective,gives companies opportunities to learn valuable information about the appeal of other companies marketing,and may help expand user traffic for all companies concerned.The same dramatic technological changes that have provided marketers with more(and more diverse)communications choices have al
40、so increased the risk that passionate consumers will voice their opinions in quicker,more visible,and much more damaging ways.Such hijacked media are the opposite of earned media:an asset or campaign becomes hostage to consumers,other stakeholders,or activists who make negative allegations about a b
41、rand or product.Members of social networks,for instance,are learning that they can hijack media to apply pressure on the businesses that originally created them.If that happens,passionate consumers would try to persuade others to boycott products,putting the reputation of the target company at risk.
42、In such a case,the companys response may not be sufficiently quick or thoughtful,and the learning curve has been steep.Toyota Motor,for example,alleviated some of the damage from its recall crisis earlier this year with a relatively quick and well-orchestrated socialmedia response campaign,which inc
43、luded efforts to engage with consumers directly on sites such as Twitter and the social-news site Digg.-7-考研资料【公众号：考研题库】永久免费分享！31.Consumers may create earned media when they areA obsessed with online shopping at certain Web sites.B inspired by product-promoting e-mails sent to them.C eager to help t
44、heir friends promote quality products.D enthusiastic about recommending their favorite products.32.According to Paragraph 2,sold media featureA a safe business environment.B random competition.C strong user traffic.D flexibility in organization.33.The author indicates in Paragraph 3 that earned medi
45、aA invite constant conflicts with passionate consumers.B can be used to produce negative effects in marketing.C may be responsible for fiercer competition.D deserve all the negative comments about them.34.Toyota Motors experience is cited as an example ofA responding effectively to hijacked media.B
46、persuading customers into boycotting products.C cooperating with supportive consumers.D taking advantage of hijacked media.35.Which of the following is the text mainly about?A Alternatives to conventional paid media.B Conflict between hijacked and earned media.C Dominance of hijacked media.D Popular
47、ity of owned media.-8-考研资料【公众号：考研题库】永久免费分享！Text4 Its no surprise that Jennifer Seniors insightful,provocative magazine cover story,I love My Children,I Hate My Life,is arousing much chatter-nothing gets people talking like the suggestion that child rearing is anything less than a completely fulfilli
48、ng,life-enriching experience.Rather than concluding that children make parents either happy or miserable,Senior suggests we need to redefine happiness:instead of thinking of it as something that can be measured by moment-to-moment joy,we should consider being happy as a past-tense condition.Even tho
49、ugh the day-today experience of raising kids can be soul-crushingly hard,Senior writes that the very things that in the moment dampen our moods can later be sources of intense gratification and delight.The magazine cover showing an attractive mother holding a cute baby is hardly the only Madonna-and
50、-child image on newsstands this week.There are also stories about newly adoptive-and newly single-morn Sandra Bullock,as well as the usual Jennifer Aniston is pregnant news.Practically every week features at least one celebrity morn,or morn-to-be,smiling on the newsstands.In a society that so persis
