1、绝密启用前2007年全国硕士研究生招生考试英语（一）(科目代码：201)888888888888888885558855544444考生注意事项1.答题前，考生须在试题册指定位置上填写考生编号和考生姓名；在答题卡指定位置上填写报考单位、考生姓名和考生编号，并涂写考生编号信息点。2.考生须把试题册上的“试卷条形码”粘贴条取下，粘贴在答题卡的“试卷条形码粘贴位置”框中。不按规定粘贴条形码而影响评卷结果的，责任由考生自负。3.选择题的答案必须涂写在答题卡相应题号的选项上，非选择题的答案必须书写在答题卡指定位置的边框区域内。超出答题区域书写的答案无效；在草稿纸、试题册上答题无效。4.填（书）写部分必须
2、使用黑色字迹签字笔书写，字迹工整、笔迹清楚；涂写部分必须使用2B铅笔填涂。5.考试结束，将答题卡和试题册按规定交回。(以下信息考生必须认真填写)考生编号考生姓名Section I Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text.Choose the best word(s)for each numbered blank andmark A,B,C,or D on ANSWER SHEET 1.(10 points)By 1830 the former Spanish and Portuguese colonies had becomeindep
3、endent nations.The roughly 20 million 1 of these nations looked 2to the future.Born in the crisis of the old regime and Iberian colonialism,manyof the leaders of independence 3 the ideals of representative government,careers 4 to talent,freedom of commerce and trade,the 5 to privateproperty,and a be
4、lief in the individual as the basis of society.6 there was abelief that the new nations should be sovereign and independent states,largeenough to be economically viable and integrated by a 7 set of laws.On the issue of 8 of religion and the position of the Church,9,there was less agreement 10 the le
5、adership.Roman Catholicism had been thestate religion and the only one 11 by the Spanish crown.12 most leaderssought to maintain Catholicism 13 the official religion of the new states,some sought to end the 14 of other faiths.The defense of the Church becamea rallying 15 for the conservative forces.
6、The ideals of the early leaders of independence were often egalitarian,valuingequality of everything.Bolivar had received aid from Haiti and had 16 inreturn to abolish slavery in the areas he liberated.By 1854 slavery had beenabolished everywhere except Spains 17 colonies.Early promises to endIndian
7、 tribute and taxes on people of mixed origin came much 18 because thenew nations still needed the revenue such policies 19.Egalitarian sentimentswere often tempered by fears that the mass of the population was 20 self-ruleand democracy.英语（一）试题.1.（共14页)1.A.nativesB.inhabitantsC.peoplesD.individuals2.
8、A.confusedlyB.cheerfullyC.worriedlyD.hopefully3.A.sharedB.forgotC.attainedD.rejected4.A.relatedB.closeC.openD.devoted5.A.accessB.successionC.rightD.return6.A.PresumablyB.IncidentallyC.ObviouslyD.Generally7.A.uniqueB.commonC.particularD.typical8.A.freedomB.originC.impactD.reform9.A.thereforeB.however
9、C.indeedD.moreover10.A.withB.aboutC.amongD.by11.A.allowedB.preachedC.grantedD.funded12.A.SinceB.IfC.UnlessD.While13.A.asB.forC.underD.against14.A.spreadB.interferenceC.exclusionD.influence15.A.supportB.cryC.pleaD.wish16.A.urgedB.intendedC.expectedD.promised17.A.controllingB.formerC.remainingD.origin
10、al18.A.slowerB.fasterC.easierD.tougher19.A.createdB.producedC.contributedD.preferred20.A.puzzled byB.hostile toC.pessimistic about D.unprepared forSectionReading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts.Answer the questions below each text by choosingA,B,C or D.Mark your answers o
11、n ANSWER SHEET 1.(40 points)英语（一)试题.2，（共14页)Text 1If you were to examine the birth certificates of every soccer player in 2006sWorld Cup tournament,you would most likely find a noteworthy quirk:elitesoccer players are more likely to have been born in the earlier months of the yearthan in the later m
12、onths.If you then examined the European national youth teamsthat feed the World Cup and professional ranks,you would find this strangephenomenon to be even more pronounced.What might account for this strange phenomenon?Here are a few guesses:a)certain astrological signs confer superior soccer skills
13、;b)winter-born babiestend to have higher oxygen capacity,which increases soccer stamina;c)soccer-mad parents are more likely to conceive children in springtime,at the annual peakof soccer mania;d)none of the above.Anders Ericsson,a 58-year-old psychology professor at Florida StateUniversity,says he
14、believes strongly in none of the above.Ericsson grew upin Sweden,and studied nuclear engineering until he realized he would have moreopportunity to conduct his own research if he switched to psychology.His firstexperiment,nearly 30 years ago,involved memory:training a person to hear andthen repeat a
15、 random series of numbers.With the first subject,after about 20hours of training,his digit span had risen from 7 to 20,Ericsson recalls.Hekept improving,and after about 200 hours of training he had risen to over 80numbers.”This success,coupled with later research showing that memory itself is notgen
16、etically determined,led Ericsson to conclude that the act of memorizing ismore of a cognitive exercise than an intuitive one.In other words,whateverinborn differences two people may exhibit in their abilities to memorize,thosedifferences are swamped by how well each person encodesthe information.And
17、 the best way to learn how to encode information meaningfully,Ericssondetermined,was a process known as deliberate practice.Deliberate practiceentails more than simply repeating a task.Rather,it involves setting specificgoals,obtaining immediate feedback and concentrating as much on technique ason o
18、utcome.Ericsson and his colleagues have thus taken to studying expert performers ina wide range of pursuits,including soccer.They gather all the data they can,notjust performance statistics and biographical details but also the results of their ownlaboratory experiments with high achievers.Their wor
19、k makes a rather startlingassertion:the trait we commonly call talent is highly overrated.Or,put anotherway,expert performers-whether in memory or surgery,ballet or computerprogramming-are nearly always made,not born.英语（一)试题.3.（共14页)21.The birthday phenomenon found among soccer players is mentionedt
20、oA.stress the importance of professional trainingB.spotlight the soccer superstars in the World CupC.introduce the topic of what makes expert performanceD.explain why some soccer teams play better than others22.The word mania(Line 5,Paragraph 2)most probably meansA.funB.crazeC.hysteriaD.excitement23
21、.According to Ericsson,good memoryA.depends on meaningful processing of informationB.results from intuitive rather than cognitive exercisesC.is determined by genetic rather than psychological factorsD.requires immediate feedback and a high degree of concentration24.Ericsson and his colleagues believ
22、e thatA.talent is a dominating factor for professional successB.biographical data provide the key to excellent performanceC.the role of talent tends to be overlookedD.high achievers owe their success mostly to nurture25.Which of the following proverbs is closest to the message the text tries toconve
23、y?A.“Faith will move mountains.”B.“One reaps what one sows.”C.Practice makes perfect.D.“Like father,like son.”英语（一)试题.4.（共14页）Text 2For the past several years,the Sunday newspaper supplement Parade hasfeatured a column called Ask Marilyn.People are invited to query Marilyn vosSavant,who at age 10 ha
24、d tested at a mental level of someone about 23 yearsold;that gave her an IQ of 228-the highest score ever recorded.IQ tests askyou to complete verbal and visual analogies,to envision paper after it has beenfolded and cut,and to deduce numerical sequences,among other similar tasks.So it is a bit conf
25、using when vos Savant fields such queries from the average Joewhose IQ is 100)as,Whats the difference between love and fondness?Orwhat is the nature of luck and coincidence?Its not obvious how the capacity tovisualize objects and to figure out numerical patterns suits one to answer questionsthat hav
26、e eluded some of the best poets and philosophers.Clearly,intelligence encompasses more than a score on a test.Just whatdoes it mean to be smart?How much of intelligence can be specified,and howmuch can we learn about it from neurology,genetics,computer science and otherfields?The defining term of in
27、telligence in humans still seems to be the IQ score,even though IQ tests are not given as often as they used to be.The test comesprimarily in two forms:the Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scale and the WechslerIntelligence Scales both come in adult and childrens version)Generallycosting several hundred
28、dollars,they are usually given only by psychologists,although variations of them populate bookstores and the World Wide Web.Superhigh scores like vos Savants are no longer possible,because scoring is nowbased on a statistical population distribution among age peers,rather than simplydividing the men
29、tal age by the chronological age and multiplying by 100.Otherstandardized tests,such as the Scholastic Assessment Test SAT)and theGraduate Record Exam(GRE),capture the main aspects of IQ tests.Such standardized tests may not assess all the important elements necessaryto succeed in school and in life
30、,argues Robert J.Sternberg.In his article HowIntelligent Is Intelligence Testing?,Sternberg notes that traditional tests bestassess analytical and verbal skills but fail to measure creativity and practicalknowledge,components also critical to problem solving and life success.Moreover,IQ tests do not
31、 necessarily predict so well once populations orsituations change.Research has found that IQ predicted leadership skills when thetests were given under low-stress conditions,but under high-stress conditions,IQwas negatively correlated with leadership-that is,it predicted the opposite.Anyone who has toiled through SAT will testify that test-taking skill also matters,whether its knowing when to guess or what questions to skip.英语（一)试题.5.（共14页)
