1、专题十二专题十二 非谓语动词非谓语动词 考点一 动词不定式 考点突破考点突破 考点二 动名词 考点一考点一 动词不定式动词不定式 考点突破 一、动词不定式的构成 动词不定式的根本形式:to+动词原形,有时可以不用to。这里的to是动词不定式 符号,本身无词义。动词不定式的否认形式是not(+to)+动词原形。功能 例句 说明 主语 To speak English is not easy for us.=It is not easy for us to speak English.讲英语对 我们来说不容易。动词不定式作主语时,常用it作形式主语,而把动词不定式放在后面 表语 My work i
2、s to clean the room every day.=To clean the room every day is my work.我的 工作就是每天打扫这个房间。多数情况下,动词不定式作表语可转换为作主语 宾语 What sports does he like to play?他喜欢做什么运动?He likes to play basketball.他喜欢打篮球。只能作某些动词的宾语,一般不作介词的宾语 二、动词不定式的句法功能 补语 My mother made me play the piano all the time.我妈妈让我一直弹钢琴。在make,let,see,hear
3、,watch等使役动词或感官动词后,动词不定式省略to(但在被动语态中to不能被省略)定语 Have you got anything to say?你有什么要说的吗?动词不定式作定语,要放在被修饰词的后面 状语 Im sorry to trouble you.我很抱歉给你添麻烦了。(表原因)I went to the library to study English.我去图书馆学英语了。(表目的)动词不定式作状语,其逻辑主语要和句子主语 一致 1.动词不定式作主语 动词不定式作主语时,常用it作形式主语,而将真正的主语放在后面,其结构为:It+be+adj.(+for/of sb.)+动词不
4、定式。如:It is useful to learn English well.学好英语是很有用的。Its important for us to protect the environment.对我们来说,保护环境很重要。注意:在kind,good,nice,clever等形容人的品质的形容词后,不用for而用of。2.动词不定式作宾语 只能作某些动词的宾语,一般不作介词的宾语。如:I would like to see a film this evening.今晚我想去看电影。注意:(1)常用动词不定式作宾语的动词有agree(同意),plan(方案),want(想要),learn(学会)
5、,expect(期望),decide(决定),wish(希望),pretend(假装),arrange(安 排),promise(承诺),refuse(拒绝),prepare(准备),hope(希望),would like(想要),manage(设法)等。(2)find,think等后跟动词不定式作宾语时,常用it作形式宾语,而将真正的宾语放 在后面。如:I find it easy to speak English.我觉得说英语很容易。(3)常见的一些后跟不带to的动词不定式作宾语的结构。why not.,had better(not).,would rather,could/would y
6、ou please(not).。如:I would rather stay in the room.我宁愿待在房间里。3.动词不定式作表语 多数情况下不定式作表语可转换为主语。如:His job is to clean the office every day.=To clean the office every day is his job.他的工作就是每天清扫办公室。4.动词不定式作宾语补足语 动词不定式作宾语补足语时与宾语有逻辑上的主动关系。如:Lucy asked him to turn down the radio.露西叫他把收音机调小点儿声。tell,ask,want,allow,
7、get,would like,encourage后常跟动词不定式作宾语补足语。如:My mother encourages me to learn Japanese.我妈妈鼓励我学日语。注意:还有一些使役动词和感官动词也用动词不定式作宾补,这时动词不定式要 省略to。这些动词有:一感(feel)、二听(hear,listen to)、三让(let,make,have)、四 看(look at,see,watch,notice),但变为被动语态时,必须加上to。5.动词不定式作定语(1)不定式作定语时,应放在被修饰词之后。(2)作定语的不定式如果是不及物动词,或者不定式所修饰的名词或代词是不定
8、式动作的地点、工具等,不定式后面需有相应的介词。如:The Browns have a comfortable house to live in.布朗一家有一幢舒适的房子可以居住。但是,不定式所修饰的名词如果是time,place或way 时,不定式后面的介词习惯上 省去。如:He had no money and no place to live(in).他没钱,也没有安居之所。三、“疑问词+动词不定式的用法 动词不定式与疑问词连用时可用作主语、宾语、宾语补足语或表语。如:Which book to choose is a problem.选哪本书是一个问题。(作主语)I havent de
9、cided when to start.我还没有决定何时动身。(作宾语)He taught me how to use it.他教给我如何使用它。(作宾语补足语)The most important problem is how to deal with this computer.最重要的问题是如何处理这台。(作表语)注意:1.“疑问词+动词不定式作宾语时可以转化为宾语从句。如:I dont know how to get there.=I dont know how I can get there.我不知道怎么到那里。2.按英语习惯,疑问词why后面通常不接不定式。但在以why或why n
10、ot开头的省 略型疑问句中,其后可跟不带to的不定式。如:You look unhappy.Why not go out for a walk 你看起来不快乐。为什么不出去散步呢 考点二考点二 动名词动名词 一、动名词的构成 动名词由“动词原形+-ing构成,它既具有名词的特性,在句子中可以作主语、表语、宾语和定语,又保存了动词的性质,可以有自己的宾语和状语。二、动名词的根本用法 用法 说明 例句 作主语 动名词在句中作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式;有时可用it作形式主语 Swimming is good for our health.Its interesting playing with c
11、hildren.作宾语 动词enjoy,practice,finish,mind,miss,keep,sug-gest,imagine,consider等后面只能接动名词作宾 语 Her sister practices speaking English every day.某些固定搭配,如:be interested in,be proud of,be worth,be used to,feel like,give up,think of,take part in等之后也接动名词作宾语 We are proud of being Chinese.We are used to living i
12、n this city.作定语 通常位于名词前 They found another hiding place.作表语 表示主语具有抽象名词特性 Seeing is believing.二、动名词的根本用法 注意:1.英语中有一些词或短语后面常跟动名词作宾语。初中阶段常见的有:fin-ish,enjoy,mind,miss,be worth,be busy,practice,feel like,be used to(习惯于),give up,keep on,consider,suggest,cant help。我们可按下面的顺口溜记忆这些词或短语:完成练习值得忙(finish,practice
13、,be worth,be busy)继续习惯别放弃(keep on,be used to,give up)考虑建议不禁想(consider,suggest,cant help,feel like)喜欢思念和介意(enjoy,miss,mind)2.以下短语中的to为介词,后面应加动名词作宾语。make contributions to为做奉献 devote oneself to.致力于,投身于 look forward to.期盼 prefer A to B比起B来更喜欢A be used to.习惯于 3.need,require,want 后加动名词等于加不定式的被动式。如:The flo
14、wers need watering.=The flowers need to be watered.这些花需要浇了。三、动词后接不定式与动名词的区别 1.Stop to think about it for a moment.停下来想一会儿。Stop talking,please.请停止说话。2.Please remember to post my letter.请记得把我的信寄出去。I remember posting your letter.我记得把你的信寄出去了。3.stop to do sth.stop doing sth.停下来去做某事停止做某事remember to do sth
15、.()remember doing sth.()记住要做某事 动作未发生记得曾做过某事 动作已发生forget to do sth.()forget doing sth.()忘记做某事 动作未发生忘记做过某事 动作已发生Ill never forget hearing this piece of music for the first time.我将永远不会忘记第一次听到这首曲子的情景。I forgot to ask him for his address.我忘了向他要他的地址了。4.Please try to do better next time.下次尽力做得更好些。He tried sp
16、eaking to us in English.try to do sth.try doing sth.努力去做某事试着去做某事他试着用英语和我们谈话。5.Go on to do the other exercises after you finish this one.你做完这道练习题后,接着做其他的。Go on doing the exercises after a short rest.短暂的休息之后继续做练习题。go on to do sth.,go on doing sth.做完一件事 接着去做另外一件事继续不停地做某事 一、单句填空 1.(2022河南)Do you always get up so early Yes,to catch the first bus.My home is far away from school.2.(2022天津)The government is setting up nature parks to help protect pandas.3.(2022江苏南京)Do you have any plans for the holiday
