1、外科学绪论外科学绪论 Introduction of Surgery 一、现代外科学的发展一、现代外科学的发展 Development of Modern Surgery 1.解剖学解剖学 Anatomy John Hunter(1728-1793),the father of experimental surgery and a superb anatomist and teacher.2.麻醉麻醉 Anesthesia Willam t.G.Morton(1819-1868),a Boston dentist whose successful demonstration of ether
2、anesthesia on October 16,1846,at the Massachusetts Gneeral Hospital was a landmark in the history of surgery 3.抗菌术抗菌术 Antisepsis Joseph Lister(1827-1912),the originator of antiseptic surgery 4.输血输血 Blood transfusion Richard Lewisohn(1875-1961),a surgeon at the Mount Sinai Hospital,introduced the mod
3、ern technique of blood transfusion,developed from his discovery of a method of preventing coagulation of the blood outside the body.Karl Landsteiner(1868-1943),one of the first scientists to study the physical processes of immunity.He is best known for his identification and characterization of the
4、human blood groups,A,B,and O.Theodor Kocher(1841-1917),professor of surgery at the University of Berne and pioneer in the development of surgery of the thyoid.He received the Nobel Prize in 1909.Theodor Billroth(1829-1894),professor at the University of Vienna and pioneer abdominal surgeon,Billroth
5、was one of the most influential teachers of his time.Innovators&Pioneers in Surgery John H.Gibbon(1903-1973),pioneer cardiothoracic surgeon who developed extracorporeal circulation.Alexis Carrel(1873-1944),an experimental surgeon interested in wound healing,tissue culture,organ transplantation,and b
6、lood vessel anastomosis.He was awarded the Nobel Prize in 1912.傅培彬傅培彬(1912-1989),瑞金医院外科创始人瑞金医院外科创始人 1954 二尖瓣分离二尖瓣分离 Commissurotomy of mitral stenosis 1958 大面积灼伤大面积灼伤 Severe Burn 1963 断肢再植断肢再植 Replantation of cut limb 1977 肝移植肝移植 The 1st case of Liver transplantation 1978 心脏移植心脏移植 The 1st case of Hea
7、rt transplantation 1990s-二医外科全面发展二医外科全面发展 灼伤外科灼伤外科、消化外科消化外科、胆胰外科胆胰外科 Burn surg,Digestive S.,P.Biliary 口腔外科口腔外科、整形外科整形外科、小儿心脏外科小儿心脏外科 Stomatological S.Plastic S.Pediatric Cardio S.The role of SSMU in the development of surgery in China 二、外科学范畴二、外科学范畴 Category of Surgery 1.外科疾病分类外科疾病分类 Classification
8、of Surgical Diseases 1)损伤损伤 Trauma mechanical thermal chemical electrical 2)感染感染 Infection 3)肿瘤肿瘤 Neoplasia Benign,Malignant 4)畸形畸形 Anatomical abnormalities Congenital,Acquired 5)内分泌功能失调内分泌功能失调 Metabolic&Hormonal disorder 6)梗塞与缺血梗塞与缺血 Infarction&Ischamia 7)其它其它 Others 梗阻梗阻 Obstruction 寄生虫病寄生虫病 Paras
9、ite diseases 静脉曲张静脉曲张 Vein varicose 2.外科专业发展外科专业发展 Development of Surgical Specialties 1)工作对象和性质工作对象和性质 实验外科实验外科 Eexperimental Surgery 临床外科临床外科 Clinical Surgery 2)人体解剖系统人体解剖系统 骨科骨科 Arthrosteopedic surgery 颌面外科颌面外科 Dentofacial surgery 心胸外科心胸外科 Cardiothoracic surgery 泌尿外科泌尿外科 Urologic surgery 神经外科神经外科
10、 Neurosurgery 普通外科普通外科 General surgery (腹部外科腹部外科)Abdominal surgery 3)性病性质性病性质 肿瘤外科肿瘤外科 Neoplastic surgery 急症外科急症外科 Emergency surgery 创伤外科创伤外科 Trauma surgery 烧伤外科烧伤外科 Burn surgery 4)手术方式手术方式 整复外科整复外科 Plastic surgery 显微外科显微外科 Microsurgery 移植外科移植外科 Transplantation 微创外科微创外科 Minimally invasive surgery 5)
11、年龄年龄 小儿外科小儿外科 Pediatric Surgery 成人外科成人外科 Adult Surgery 6)专业专业 妇科妇科 Gynecology 耳鼻喉科耳鼻喉科 Otolaryngology 眼科眼科 Ophthalmology 3.外科总论与各论外科总论与各论 General Surgery&Special Surgery 外科学总论外科学总论 General Surgery 各临床外科共同的专业基础各临床外科共同的专业基础 基础医学与临床外科学的桥梁基础医学与临床外科学的桥梁 外科学各论外科学各论 Special Surgery 论述各系统、各脏器论述各系统、各脏器 外科疾病的
12、病因、病理、诊断与治疗外科疾病的病因、病理、诊断与治疗 外科分子生物学外科分子生物学 Surgical molecular biology 外科免疫学外科免疫学 Surgical immunology 无菌术无菌术 Aseptic technique 外科水、电解质和酸碱平衡外科水、电解质和酸碱平衡 Fluid and electrolyte management and acid-base balance 输血输血 Blood transfusion 外科休克外科休克 Surgical shock 外科营养外科营养 Surgical nutrition 多器官功能障碍综合征多器官功能障碍综合
13、征 Multiple organ dysfunction syndrome,MODS 麻醉麻醉 Anesthesia 外科重症监测治疗外科重症监测治疗 Surgical intensive care 心肺脑复苏心肺脑复苏 Brain-cardiopulmonary Resuscitation 疼痛治疗疼痛治疗 Pain management&Analgesia 围手术期处理围手术期处理 Paraoperative management 门诊外科门诊外科 Outpatient surgery 外科感染外科感染 Surgical infection 肿瘤肿瘤 Neoplasma 创伤创伤 Trau
14、ma 烧伤与冷伤烧伤与冷伤 Burns&Cold injury 显微外科显微外科 Microsurgery 器官移植器官移植 Organ transplantation 组织工程组织工程 Tissue engineering 腔镜外科腔镜外科 Laparoscopic&thorascopic surgery 内镜外科内镜外科 Endoscopic surgery 外科介入治疗外科介入治疗 Surgical intervention treatment 三、如何学习外科三、如何学习外科 How to learn surgery 外科医师的职业道德外科医师的职业道德 Moral Character
15、 理论联系实践理论联系实践 Theory and Practice 外科基础外科基础 Basic theory Basic knowledge Basic technique Spunk of tiger 胆大胆大 形象化的要求形象化的要求 Some figure of speech about the basic demands Eyes of eagle 眼明眼明 Hands of women 手巧手巧 Heart of mother 心细心细 学学 问问 -Learn to find questions -Learn to ask questions -Learn to solve questions Books are you best teachers Library is your best school 结束语结束语 Now,you may have a good start -why to learn -how to learn Well begun,half done.良好的开端，成功的一半。良好的开端，成功的一半。目标已明，努力干吧！目标已明，努力干吧！
